1.What is vaginal ultrasound? Ultrasound is a clinical examination technique that utilizes ultrasound waves for non-invasive examination and has become one of the main diagnostic methods in modern clinical medicine. So how does ultrasound work? First of all, let’s understand ultrasound. The range of human hearing has a certain limit, can only be 16-20,000 Hz of sound waves have a sense, 20,000 Hz above the sound waves can not be heard, this sound is called ultrasound. Like ordinary sound waves, ultrasonic waves propagate in a certain direction and can penetrate objects. If it encounters an obstacle, it will produce an echo, and different obstacles will produce different echoes, which are collected and displayed on a screen by an instrument, and used to understand the internal structure of the object. It is through this principle that ultrasound is used to diagnose and treat human diseases. Gynecological ultrasound includes abdominal ultrasound and transvaginal ultrasound. Abdominal ultrasound places the ultrasound probe in the lower abdomen to observe the pelvis, focusing on the uterus, adnexa and pelvis. Half an hour to one hour before the examination, you need to drink about 1000ml of water and hold your urine to the maximum. This is because only when the bladder is full to a certain extent can the shape of the uterus and ovaries be clearly shown through the contrast between light and dark images. Transvaginal ultrasound is performed using a special probe on the ultrasound machine. A membrane is placed over the vaginal ultrasound probe and the probe is inserted into the vagina for examination. As the probe is positioned close to the uterus and ovaries, the images are clear and high resolution and the results are more accurate. In addition, it has another advantage that it does not need to hold urine, relatively time-saving, and the patient feels good. 2, early pregnancy vaginal ultrasound is necessary? In order to monitor the location of the gestational sac, the growth and development of the fetus, to reduce the birth rate of deformed and defective children, early pregnancy vaginal ultrasound is obviously very necessary. Vaginal ultrasound during early pregnancy has the following benefits: (1) To clearly understand whether the location of the gestational sac is normal, and to clarify whether the pregnancy is intrauterine or extrauterine (commonly known as ectopic pregnancy). (2) Verify the gestational week and determine the development of the embryo. Judging the gestational age based on the average diameter of the gestational sac, the size of the fetal buds, and the head and hip length of the fetus will help determine the development of the fetus during the middle and late pregnancy. The fetal heartbeat should be seen when the buds are larger than 5mm on transvaginal ultrasound. If no fetal heartbeat is seen, it suggests that the embryo may have stopped developing and should be checked regularly. (3) Determine the number of embryos, which is the most accurate method for early diagnosis of multiple pregnancy. (4) Observe the early development of the placenta. At 6 weeks of gestation, the lobed chorionic villi of the embryo and the underlying metaphysis of the uterus begin to form the primitive placenta, and at 8 weeks of gestation, the placenta can be recognized. (5) Early detection of uterine and adnexal abnormalities. To know whether there are uterine abnormalities, fibroids and adnexal masses, etc.. It can be seen that ultrasound does have important application value in the diagnosis of early pregnancy and differential diagnosis of diseases. 3, early pregnancy vaginal ultrasound on the fetus? I believe this is the most concerned about the prospective parents. It is generally believed that ultrasound is a kind of acoustic wave conduction, there is no ionizing radiation and electromagnetic radiation, there is no harm to human tissue. As a matter of fact, medical use of ultrasound is of low intensity, below the safety threshold; the short duration of the examination during early pregnancy, usually no more than 3 minutes, and the non-stereotyped glide examination are basically safe for the embryo, and there are no reports so far on fetal malformations caused by ultrasound examination. To put it another way, the few ultrasounds necessary in early pregnancy may not be as harmful as the intensity of the radiation from the microwaves and cell phones you use in your life! Over the years, scientists have conducted ongoing theoretical and clinical studies on whether ultrasound for diagnostic purposes has any effect on fetal development or not, and more than a few have not found any significant adverse effects. 4.What are the conditions that require early vaginal ultrasound? Most diseases have some precursor symptoms, such as ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, hyperemesis gravidarum and other pregnancy-related diseases, often with vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain. Therefore, the occurrence of vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain suggests an abnormal situation, and the possibility of the above diseases should be considered, and should be consulted as soon as possible, and a vaginal ultrasound examination should be performed to clarify the diagnosis, so as to avoid delaying the condition. In addition, for some high-risk groups such as ectopic pregnancy, multiple abortions, medication abortion, history of acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal patency, the use of emergency contraceptive pills, etc., it is best to carry out ultrasound as soon as possible to clarify the location of the gestational sac. Life needs rationality and knowledge! We need rational thinking when it comes to vaginal ultrasound!