I. Why do I suffer from lumbar disc herniation? The main cause of lumbar disc herniation is the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus from the rupture of the fibrous ring after degenerative degeneration of the lumbar disc, which stimulates or compresses the adjacent crestal nerve roots, resulting in clinical symptoms such as low back pain, numbness and pain in one or both lower limbs. Second, what should the patients themselves do to prepare before lumbar spine surgery? 1, the preparation of nutrition: before the surgery patients should eat a light diet, eat regularly, protein food should be adequate, do not drink alcohol. 2, the preparation of health: the day before the surgery bath, pay attention to personal hygiene, smokers quit smoking. 3, the preparation of physical strength: the night before the surgery to sleep adequately, such as nervousness can not sleep under the guidance of physicians to take sedative drugs to help sleep. Third, can minimally invasive surgery for lumbar disc herniation? With the development of instruments, more and more minimally invasive surgical techniques are applied to the treatment of lumbar disc herniation, and foraminoscopy is one of the most minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. With the development of microscopic instruments and technological advances, foraminoscopy technology has now developed to a mature stage. The German joimax intervertebral foramoscopy system is the most advanced intervertebral foramoscopy system at present. With this system, the nucleus pulposus of the herniated disc can be removed through the posterior-lateral approach via the intervertebral foramen, and patients have achieved satisfactory results since the development of intervertebral foramoscopy technology. Fourth, what is the difference between intervertebral foraminoscopy and traditional developmental surgery? Compared with traditional open surgery: 1, intervertebral foraminoscopy can avoid destroying the stable structure of the crest and interference with the spinal canal. 2. It can be done under local anesthesia (the patient is awake during the operation and does not need to fast after the operation). 3, with small trauma (wound only 1-2cm, only 1 stitch), less bleeding (only 5-10ml). 4.Fast recovery (the patient can go to the ground on the same day of surgery). 5.Short hospitalization time (1-2 days after surgery). However, each operation has its own indications, and some lumbar disc herniation is not suitable for foraminoplasty. V. What is the difference between foraminoscopy and other minimally invasive treatment techniques Compared with other minimally invasive techniques for lumbar disc herniation such as ozone and laser, foraminoscopy not only decompresses the disc, but also removes herniated, prolapsed or even free disc nucleus pulposus tissue from the spinal canal. Six, how to rehabilitate after lumbar spine surgery rehabilitation exercises after lumbar disc herniation surgery is very important: lower limb straight leg raise training; lumbar back muscle functional exercise, back muscle and abdominal muscle balance training and other rehabilitation exercises need to be gradual according to time, strength from weak to strong, regular follow-up visits to continuously guide and improve the way and intensity of functional exercise. Of course, correcting bad work and life habits is an important element to avoid and reduce the recurrence of disc herniation. Specific practices are: 1, bed rest is the main, lying on a hard bed is appropriate, to ensure adequate sleep time. 2, continue the previous functional training, such as quadriceps, lumbar back muscle and abdominal muscle training, to increase gradually, to quantify. 3.Avoid bending and arching of the back, such as picking up objects on the ground, should bend the knees and squat to pick up, to ensure the horizontal position of the lumbar spine. 4.Avoid side-bending of the lumbar region and twisting sudden force. 5.Avoid heavy physical labor and intense exercise. 6.Avoid wearing high-heeled shoes. 7.Sit as little as possible, lie in bed more often, and move appropriately, because the lumbar weight-bearing in the standing position is 4 times that of lying down, while the lumbar weight-bearing in the sitting position is 8 times that of lying down. 8. Insist on wearing waist brace or support. Postoperative functional exercise of the lumbar back muscle can strengthen the stability of the lumbar spine, reduce postoperative complications and improve the efficacy of surgical treatment. Exercise methods: 1, “five-point support” method: the patient adopts a supine position, using five points (head, elbows and heels) as the fulcrum, lifting the hips out of the bed as far as possible, and hanging the lumbar back as far as possible to achieve the purpose of exercising the lumbar back muscles, this method is simple and easy to learn, and can be used in the early postoperative period, usually 3-5 days after surgery can begin to exercise. 2, “three-point support” method: supine position, upper limbs placed in front of the chest, using three points (head, double heel) as a fulcrum, waist and back as far back as possible, so that the back suspension. The method is based on the five-point support method, to further exercise the muscles of the low back. 3, “small swallow fly”: prone position, abdominal support, double upper limbs, double lower limbs and head as far back as possible. This method requires high strength of the lumbar back muscles, and can be based on the above exercises of intensive exercise, which can usually be started 5-7 days after surgery. Why straight leg elevation training after lumbar spine surgery Straight leg elevation training can relieve dural crest adhesions and move the sciatic nerve position within the spinal canal by 2-8mm to prevent local congestion and edema of the sciatic nerve root, improve blood circulation, relieve dural crest adhesions and prevent low back pain. Nine, lumbar spine surgery why to wear brace or lumbar circumference 1, so that the lumbar muscles rest; 2, can limit the lumbar for excessive activities, reduce the pull on the lumbar nerve root of the adverse stimulation, reduce the traumatic reaction of the intervertebral joints, relieve and improve the pressure state of the intervertebral space, reduce the continued injury and strain, is conducive to tissue edema and injury repair, but also can play a role in consolidating the effect of treatment, to prevent recurrence. Ten, the use of brace and lumbar precautions The use of lumbar brace or lumbar brace has the advantage of reliable effect on symptom relief, but the disadvantage is that it weakens the exercise opportunity of lumbar muscles, and long-term application can cause lumbar muscle atrophy and lumbar stiffness. Therefore, during the period of wearing the lumbar brace, it is necessary to strengthen the functional exercise of the lumbar back muscles to promote the restoration of strength of the lumbar back muscles, which is conducive to restoring and strengthening the stability of the lumbar spine. XI. What should patients pay attention to when they are discharged from the hospital? Discharge must be fully communicated with the doctor, 1, whether it is necessary to discharge with drugs, discharge records, diagnosis, etc., to avoid trouble later. 2, is to clarify their concerns, unclear issues, to avoid confusion and anxiety affect their recovery after going home. 3.It is to clarify the precautions to be taken after discharge and the time and place to come to the hospital for review.