Lumbar disc herniation is a series of clinical symptoms and signs caused by the degeneration of the lumbar disc, rupture of the annulus fibrosus, and irritation or compression of the nerve root and cauda equina nerve after the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus, referred to as “lumbar herniation”. It often causes a lot of inconvenience to patients’ life and work, and even causes disability and loss of working ability. How exactly does lumbar disc herniation occur? The human body gradually ages with age, and the lumbar intervertebral disc is no exception. The intervertebral disc consists of the upper and lower cartilage plates, the nucleus pulposus in the middle and the surrounding fibrous ring. It is an important part of the spine, linking the adjacent vertebrae and playing an important role as an elastic cushion in the body’s activities, so it is also subject to a variety of stresses and is prone to degenerative changes. When degenerative changes develop to a certain extent, the annulus fibrosus becomes weak and brittle, and under the action of various triggers such as external forces, the nucleus pulposus can easily protrude from the weakness of the annulus fibrosus and compress the adjacent tissues, especially the spinal nerve roots and cauda equina, posteriorly or inferiorly, causing a series of clinical symptoms and signs such as lumbar and leg pain and intermittent claudication, resulting in lumbar disc herniation.