After years of research, diabetes is now recognized by the international medical community as a multifactorial syndrome. Among them, the incidence of diabetes in the relatives of diabetic patients is higher than that of non-diabetic relatives, so it shows that diabetes also has a genetic predisposition. For example, in 1982, British scientists published the results of research on diabetes in monozygotic twins. Among 200 pairs of monozygotic twins, the rate of both of them suffering from diabetes at different times after birth was 90.6% for non-insulin-dependent diabetes and 54.4% for insulin-dependent diabetes, indicating that the genetic predisposition of non-insulin-dependent diabetes is more significant than insulin-dependent diabetes. Another example is the Chinese diabetes risk score developed by Prof. Ji Linong and others at Peking University People’s Hospital, which includes family history of diabetes as an important risk score variable based on data from the Chinese Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome Study conducted from 2007 to 2008. ”Diabetes has a genetic predisposition, so can family members of diabetics get diabetes?” Since diabetes is also divided into many types, it is also important to analyze the specific problem. From a clinical point of view, with the current development of molecular diagnostic techniques, diabetes with genetic factors that may cause it has been gradually segmented from the large group of diabetes, such as young adult-onset diabetes (MODY) and some early-onset diabetes. However, the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes, which still requires intensive research, accounts for 85-90% of the total types of diabetes. Research work has shown that the vast majority of type 2 diabetes is not caused by a single genetic mutation, but by multiple genetic mutations, and that genetics may not directly cause the disease, but rather a susceptibility to diabetes, and that certain environmental factors must be present for diabetes to occur. Therefore, an examination of the etiological mechanisms reveals that the main influencing factors of diabetes are genetic and environmental factors. When studying the factors that contribute to the development of diabetes and the early warning prediction of diabetes, two aspects are focused on simultaneously, one is genetic factors and the other is the role played by the environment in the genetic background. The Chinese genetic background is moderately susceptible to diabetes, and according to data from foreign studies, Chinese who have emigrated overseas have now reached a prevalence of 15-20%. According to the 2008 Chinese epidemiological survey, the prevalence of diabetes is close to 6% among people aged 20 to 40. Currently, in addition to the nearly 100 million people with diabetes, China also has 70% of people with diabetes who have not been diagnosed and about 150 million people who are at high risk of diabetes (or pre-diabetes population). In the future, the number of Chinese with diabetes will continue to increase, and early screening and active prevention are key.