Myelodysplasia, also known as myelodysplastic syndrome, is treated by supportive therapy, pro-hematopoietic therapy, biological response modifier therapy, medication, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 1. Supportive treatment: red blood cells and platelets can be transfused for those with severe anemia and bleeding symptoms, and those with granulocytopenia and lack of granulocytes should pay attention to preventing and controlling infections, and the drugs include levofloxacin and so on. 2. Pro-hematopoietic treatment: androgens (testosterone undecanoate) can be used for pro-hematopoietic treatment. 3. Biological response modifiers: biological response modifiers such as thalidomide and lenalidomide are effective in treating some types of myelodysplasia. 4. Drug therapy: Demethylating drugs such as Azacitidine and Decitabine can be used to treat myelodysplastic syndromes. 5. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be chosen as a treatment for severe myelodysplasia. There may also be other treatments for myelodysplastic syndromes, which should be consulted in a timely manner. All of the above treatments and medications should be administered under a doctor’s supervision.