Whether chemotherapy is needed after esophageal cancer surgery is related to clinical stage, patient’s physical condition and other factors. Esophageal cancer, also called esophageal cancer, is a malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelial tissue of esophagus. Its occurrence is related to chronic stimulation of nitrosamine, inflammation and trauma, genetic factors and smoking and drinking. Generally speaking, the prognosis of early stage esophageal cancer is better after surgery, with less possibility of recurrence and metastasis, and some patients can be treated without chemotherapy. For patients with middle or late stage esophageal cancer, if there is recurrence after surgery or simultaneous radiotherapy, or if there is a relatively large number of lymph node metastasis, chemotherapy can be considered to prolong the survival time. Chemotherapy is also not recommended if the patient’s physical condition is particularly poor and cannot tolerate chemotherapy. Chemotherapy regimens for esophageal cancer are mainly paclitaxel drugs, platinum drugs and fluorouracil drugs. Patients are recommended to receive standardized treatment under the guidance of doctors.