Due to rapid socio-economic development and changes in people’s lifestyles, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and related risk factors in China are on the rise, and cardiovascular diseases have become a major disease threatening people’s health. According to the 2006 Statistical Bulletin of China’s Health Development released by the Statistical Information Center of the Ministry of Health, cardiovascular diseases are currently the main cause of death in the Chinese population, accounting for 34% of the total number of deaths. Therefore, the prevention of cardiovascular diseases must be elevated to a new level. A large number of studies on cardiovascular diseases in recent decades have proven that although the underlying causes of cardiovascular diseases are not well understood, their risk factors are relatively clear. The so-called cardiovascular risk factors are those factors that increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease in a population due to the presence of a certain factor, and when this risk factor is eliminated, the incidence of cardiovascular disease can be significantly reduced. The Interheart study, which involved 52 countries, suggests that a number of detectable, controllable, and modifiable traditional factors can explain and predict 90% of myocardial infarction events. Currently recognized adjustable and controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease include: hypertension, dyslipidemia, disorders of glucose metabolism, smoking, abdominal obesity and unhealthy lifestyle. A large number of studies have shown that improving lifestyle behaviors and pharmacological treatments to control risk factors significantly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease and morbidity and mortality. The pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis. In humans, atherosclerosis begins in adolescence. Generally speaking, it takes more than 30 years for atherosclerosis to develop from the earliest stages of lipid streaks to clinically manifest atherosclerotic disease, and the presence of risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia can greatly accelerate this process. The control of risk factors is not just a simple “headache treatment, foot treatment”, but should be a specific and comprehensive “symptom and root cause treatment”. In recent years, a series of guidelines published at home and abroad have introduced the concept of risk stratification, that is, different control targets for people with different levels of risk, and only by achieving the corresponding target levels can cardiovascular disease be prevented to the greatest extent. In addition, there is an emphasis on joint and concerted control of coexisting risk factors. Epidemiological and clinical studies have found that cardiovascular disease risk factors are often clustered in the same individual, and their pathogenic effects are synergistic with each other, significantly accelerating the cardiovascular disease process. The Framingham study found that the risk of cardiovascular disease was more than four times greater in those with two of the three risk factors, hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking, than in those with only one, and increased to more than eight times in those with three. The expected cardiovascular benefit. The ASCOT study showed a 36% and 27% reduction in coronary events and strokes in patients with hypertension treated with antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering therapy compared with antihypertensive therapy alone. The CARDS study also showed a 37% and 48% reduction in coronary events and strokes with glucose-lowering combined with statin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with glucose-lowering therapy alone. This evidence of increased therapeutic benefit of synergistic interventions will further advance the theory and practice of cardiovascular risk factor control. China has 160 million hypertensive patients, 160 million dyslipidemic patients, 40 million diabetic patients, 60 million obese people, and over 300 million smokers. The epidemiological data show that the awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of these diseases in our population are very low. Therefore, we clinicians should pay more attention to these risk factors, popularize the awareness of risk factors in the population, and actively intervene and control the risk factors. These are undoubtedly of great significance to the prevention of cardiovascular disease and the improvement of people’s health status.