Treatment of cardiovascular diseases and dietary therapy

  Medications, interventions, laser myocardial revascularization, and coronary artery bypass grafting are treatments for cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that eating two apples a day can reduce the amount of fat in the body’s blood.  Medication, interventional therapy, laser myocardial revascularization and coronary artery bypass grafting are treatments for cardiovascular disease. Interventional therapy is an emerging treatment method between surgical and medical treatment, including endovascular and non-vascular interventions. After more than 30 years of development, it is now known as one of the three pillar disciplines along with surgery and internal medicine. Thrombolytic therapy is the pathological basis of AMI, which has been confirmed by modern pathology. On the basis of coronary atherosclerosis, the acute formation of thrombus causes acute occlusion of the vascular lumen, resulting in interruption of coronary blood flow. Thrombolytic therapy is the intravenous infusion of urokinase, streptokinase and other thrombolytic drugs to open the blood vessels and restore myocardial perfusion. Since its emergence in the mid-1980s, this method has established its position in saving AMI, and is one of the major advances in the history of AMI treatment, and has been popularized to all primary care hospitals in China, with rapid efficacy, high safety, simplicity and ease of use, greatly shortening the patient’s hospital stay, reducing medical costs, lowering mortality and improving the patient’s quality of life.  Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is an intermediate human treatment for coronary heart disease developed in recent years using high-tech technology, and it is applicable to the treatment of all stages of coronary heart disease. A special small catheter is inserted into the arterial vessels of the patient’s extremities to reach the opening of the coronary artery under the guidance of X-ray, and then a coronary angiogram is taken to clarify the location, nature and severity of the lesion. If the effect of balloon dilation alone is not satisfactory, an alloy stent with laser polishing and cutting is usually delivered to the lesion to support the vessel and achieve adequate opening of the vessel. For some vessels that are not suitable for simple PTCA with stenting, measures such as targeted coronary endoplaque spinning (DCA) can also be used. Compared with coronary artery bypass grafting, PTCA has the advantages of being open-hearted, non-general anesthesia, and minimally invasive to the patient. The degree of revascularization is much higher than that of thrombolytic therapy, but in some patients it is less effective than coronary artery bypass grafting, and there is a possibility of postoperative restenosis in about l5 % of patients.  Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is also known as “coronary artery bypass grafting”. It is performed by taking a vein or artery from the patient that does not affect physiological function, connecting one end to the root of the aorta and the other end to the distal end of the coronary artery lesion, bypassing the diseased part of the coronary artery and acting as a “bridge” to the distal myocardium.  CABG not only solves the problems faced by drug therapy and PTCA in the treatment of coronary artery disease, such as lesions at branches, multiple branches, and unprotected left main artery lesions, but is also the most complete and thorough way to reconstruct blood flow. Patients can return to normal work 1-2 months after bypass surgery, and the elimination rate of their early angina symptoms is as high as 85%-95%. More than 65% of patients are angina-free for 5 years after surgery, with a 5-year survival rate of 93% and a 10-year survival rate of 80%. Even for those who have lesions in 3 coronary arteries with impaired cardiac function, the 7-year survival rate can reach 90%, compared to 37% for those who receive drug therapy alone. In the past, the saphenous vein was used as the bridge vessel, but with the improvement and development of surgical techniques and instruments, surgeons are now more willing to use arteries with higher long-term patency and survival rates and better prognosis, such as the internal mammary artery and the flexural artery, as the bridge vessel.  The procedure generally requires general anesthesia, extracorporeal circulation and temporary cardiac arrest, which is the main concern of patients about this treatment. In fact, it was Russian President Boris Yeltsin who underwent saphenous vein bypass surgery in November 1999. As the president of a major country with a “nuclear button” in his hand and the safety of the world at stake, he gladly underwent the procedure and “easily” resigned at the beginning of the year, which eloquently illustrates that the procedure has been developed to the highest level. Last year alone, our center completed more than 200 cases of coronary artery bypass grafting, with a success rate of more than 98%.  The principle of laser myocardial revascularization (TMR or PMR) is that reptilian hearts do not have coronary arteries, and they rely on the pressure step difference between systole and diastole to press blood into the extensive sinus gaps between the myocardium to perfuse the myocardium with blood. This gap also exists in the human fetal heart, except that after birth it no longer communicates directly with the cardiac chambers or coronary arteries. So, could laser energy be used to create tunnels in the ischemic myocardium and use these tunnels and the sinus gaps that communicate with the laser tunnels to perfuse the ischemic myocardium with blood through the pressure difference between systole and diastole? This was the principle of TMR or PMR as originally envisioned, but current research suggests that the principle is much more complex than originally thought.  Dietary therapy for cardiovascular disease: Studies have shown that eating two apples a day can reduce the amount of fat in the body’s blood. Eating apples also increases the amount of vitamin C in the blood, boosting it by an average of 34%. Eating apples daily can reduce the number of bad bacteria in the intestines and help good bacteria to multiply, thus improving the body’s digestive and absorption functions, and can also help prevent lifestyle-related conditions such as hyperlipidemia and vascular sclerosis.  Bananas and yogurt are high in potassium, which helps control blood pressure. The results of a foreign study that followed 2,600 people showed that eating foods containing 1 gram of potassium a day for 6 days a week, such as a potato, a large banana and 225 grams of milk, could reduce blood pressure by 4 mmHg after 5 weeks.  You can also drink more orange juice, which is rich in vitamin C. The higher the level of vitamin C in the blood, the lower the blood pressure. Studies have concluded that vitamin C helps to dilate blood vessels. Taking 60 mg of vitamin C tablets a day or eating more vegetables, lemons and other sour fruits can do the same thing.  Eating fish regularly over a long period of time is far better than taking heart disease medication alone, and it is safe and has no side effects.  The protective effect of eating fish rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for cardiovascular patients has been proven by many academic studies in recent years, especially those eating deep-sea fish living in cold waters. Such as salmon, tuna, etc., not only can prevent cardiovascular disease, lower cholesterol, but also reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 52%. Another study also pointed out that people who often eat fish for heart disease, the mortality rate in two years compared to people who do not eat fish to reduce 30%.