Liver transplantation is currently a very complex surgical procedure. With the advancement of surgical technology and the maturation of liver transplantation techniques, the success rate of liver transplantation can reach over 80%-90%, although a small number of patients still experience death after liver transplantation. It is currently believed that the most important causes of death after liver transplantation include rejection, biliary complications, severe infection, organ failure, graft-versus-host reaction, and recurrent metastasis of liver cancer. For these conditions, active treatment should be given to reduce postoperative mortality. In case of rejection, the dose of anti-rejection drugs should be increased; in case of serious infection, a combination of broad-spectrum sensitive antibacterial drugs should be used; for patients with previous hepatitis, especially hepatitis B patients, it may be necessary to continue oral antiviral drugs, such as entecavir; in case of rejection resulting in loss of function of the transplanted liver, liver transplantation may be required again, otherwise it may easily lead to the patient’s Eventual death. Current observational data show that patients with liver failure due to benign liver lesions and hereditary lesions survive longer after liver transplantation compared to liver malignancy.