First, what is congenital heart disease congenital heart disease, referred to as congenital heart disease, is a congenital heart malformation formed by defects in the process of heart development during the fetal period. Our cardiovascular system is in the second week of pregnancy by the primitive heart tube undergoes growth, segregation, torsion and other processes of development, in the eighth week of pregnancy has basically completed the development of the development of the same with the development of the fetus’s other organs, the development of cardiovascular is a very precise process of gene regulation, a gene mutation or regulation of abnormalities may lead to the occurrence of malformations that will develop into congenital Heart disease. There are many types of congenital heart disease, most of which are simple congenital heart disease such as ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, etc. The most common type of complex congenital heart disease is the atrial septal defect. The most common form of complex congenital heart disease is tetralogy of Fallot. Second, the causes of congenital heart disease congenital heart disease is an abnormality at the level of embryonic development, the cause is not very clear, it is currently believed that may be related to a variety of factors. For example, pregnant women in early pregnancy by certain viral or bacterial infections, especially the rubella virus, Sarkozy virus, etc.; early pregnancy to take some of the teratogenic effect of drugs, or toxins, exposure to radioactive substances, or pregnant women suffering from diabetes, phenylketonuria, hypertension, malnutrition and other diseases, as well as preterm labor and delivery, fetal hypoxia, pregnant women, such as advanced age and a variety of factors, may increase the risk of congenital heart disease. In addition, congenital heart disease may also be affected by genetic factors, so the incidence of congenital heart disease in some families is significantly higher than the phenomenon of other families. Third, what is the performance of congenital heart disease children with congenital heart disease may be developmentally delayed compared to children of the same age, mental retardation, poor activity tolerance, prone to recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and even pneumonia, crying or activity after the lips and nail bed bruising, tetralogy of Fallot children love to crouch down on the ground or legs hugged in front of the chest and curled up into a ball, that is, the so-called crouching. Newborns may be prone to choking and spitting up. However, it is worth noting that a large proportion of children with simple congenital heart disease usually may not have any symptoms, but with age, the disease continues to progress, to have obvious symptoms when the condition has been very serious. Fourth, how to prevent congenital heart disease Although the cause of congenital heart disease is not yet very clear, but the prevention of suspected causes is still very important, and very effective. First of all, pregnant women should strengthen the awareness of pregnancy health care, in early pregnancy should actively prevent rubella, influenza, mumps and other viral infectious diseases, or in the pre-pregnancy vaccination, try to avoid viral infections; away from poisons, try to avoid taking drugs that have a teratogenic effect, if you do need to use medication, it should be used under the guidance of a medical professional; to avoid contact with radioactivity or a strong magnetic field; it is worth reminding that Although puppies and kittens are very cute and some people like pets very much, pets often carry parasites or bacteria, and they may become gentle killers to the fetus, so during pregnancy, especially in early pregnancy, you should try to stay away from pets, or give your pets medical checkups and vaccinations ahead of time; second, you need to undergo regular obstetrics checkups during the whole pregnancy to detect problems in time, and to prevent them from occurring in the first place; and lastly, there’s one point you can’t ignore. Finally, it is important to have regular medical checkups after the birth of the fetus, because many children with simple congenital heart disease do not usually have symptoms, and it is especially important for the doctor to detect heart murmurs or cardiac ultrasound to detect cardiac malformations during the medical checkups. In short, pregnancy and child rearing is a thing that requires great care, your capriciousness may bring a lifetime of disaster to yourself and your child. The most common and most important and accurate test for diagnosing congenital heart disease is ultrasound of the heart. most of the congenital heart disease can be diagnosed by ultrasound of the heart, a small part of the heart and large blood vessel enhancement CT to confirm the diagnosis, and a very small number of congenital heart disease children need to be catheterized in the right heart. x-ray chest X-ray and electrocardiogram can also be used for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease and evaluation of the information provided by the important. What to do when you suspect that your child has congenital heart disease When you suspect that your child has congenital heart disease, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible, and it is best to choose a hospital that has a cardiac surgery department of the second class or above, and receive a cardiac ultrasound examination to clarify the nature and severity of congenital heart disease. Consultation with a specialized cardiac surgery department will help to determine the nature and severity of the congenital heart disease. Some simple congenital heart diseases can be temporarily observed and treated with surgery when the child is over 2 years old, but regular checkups should be conducted, including review of X-ray chest radiographs, electrocardiograms, and ultrasound of the heart, to find out the changes in the child’s heart murmur and the load on the heart and lungs, so as to choose the right time for surgery. For children with significant developmental delay, feeding difficulties and recurrent lung infections, surgery should be performed as early as possible. Currently, cardiac surgery mainly includes open-heart and interventional surgery. Interventional surgery mainly refers to interventional occlusion surgery, which is suitable for some children with arterial ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect. The advantages of interventional surgery are that it does not need to open the chest, does not need extracorporeal circulation, is less traumatic, has shorter operation time, recovers quickly after the operation, and has almost no surgical scar. The disadvantages are the possible dislodgement or displacement of the blocker, heart bundle branch block, long-term presence of the blocker in the body as a foreign body containing metal, and the possibility of hemolysis, etc. Moreover, the interventional procedure is only applicable to some children, and may be converted to the traditional open-heart surgery during the operation if the block is unsuccessful. Open heart surgery is the traditional cardiac surgery under direct visualization, with or without extracorporeal circulation (e.g., ligation of simple arterial ductus arteriosus), depending on the condition of the child. The advantage is that the surgery has a wide range of applications, can cure all kinds of simple and complex congenital heart disease, and the technology is mature, the results are relatively accurate. However, the disadvantages are that the surgery is more traumatic, the recovery time after surgery is long, and the surgical scar is large. Children with congenital heart disease should be advised by a cardiologist to choose an appropriate treatment plan based on the child’s condition.