Hypertrophy of the base of the tongue can be seen in both physiologic and pathologic conditions, with pathologic causes ranging from blood vessels or lymphomas to follicular hyperplasia of the base of the tongue. Physiologic tongue root hypertrophy is usually congenital, and congenital tongue root hypertrophy is usually asymptomatic, but there is a possibility that a bite or scratch from an enlarged tongue root may lead to an ulcer as a result of a secondary infection. No special treatment is usually needed. Pathological hypertrophy of the tongue root can be vascular or lymphoma, in addition to the hypertrophy of the tongue root, can also be seen in the tongue body or edges of the bulge, such as mulberry-shaped pink and white small lesions, the treatment is usually the body of the tongue correction of the surgery, can play a role in reducing the root of the tongue. Tongue root follicular hyperplasia is common in pharyngeal inflammation, is a protective response secondary to inflammation, usually after the inflammation is cured follicular hyperplasia will also disappear. Tongue root hypertrophy should be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner to avoid serious symptoms such as blockage of the airway.