The presence of spikes and slow waves during sleep is not necessarily benign epilepsy, and it needs to be judged in combination with clinical manifestations, imaging tests and other factors. Benign epilepsy is one of the epilepsy syndromes. The most common type of benign epilepsy is benign childhood epilepsy with central-temporal spikes and slow waves, which peaks at 9-10 years of age and is more common in boys, and is characterized by high-amplitude central-temporal spikes and slow waves occurring in the central-temporal region during sleep, and usually resolves spontaneously after puberty. However, some epilepsy syndromes (e.g., frontal lobe epilepsy, obvious trauma or responsible lesions by imaging) may also present with slow waves during sleep. It is recommended to consult a doctor as soon as possible, and diagnose the condition by combining the clinical manifestations, cranial imaging and electroencephalogram under the guidance of the doctor. Therefore, to determine whether the occurrence of slow and sharp waves during sleep is benign epilepsy, it is necessary to combine the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, evolution of the disease process, treatment effects and other factors, relying on cranial imaging and electroencephalogram, under the guidance of a professional physician to make a comprehensive judgment.