There are several common reasons for the appearance of lumps around the anus: First, if there is a hard mass around the anus with uneven surface, poor mobility, cauliflower-like surface and local pus exudation, it may be a malignant tumor of anal canal. Biopsy for pathological examination should be taken actively to make a clear diagnosis, and once anal canal cancer is clearly identified, radical surgery for malignant tumor should be performed actively. Secondly, if the anal gland is infected, it is easy to spread along the anorectum to form a perianal abscess, which is mainly manifested as a hard mass in the perianal area, and the perianal ultrasound can make a clear diagnosis, and perianal abscess incision and drainage should be performed. Third, if the patient has mixed hemorrhoids for a long time, the nucleus of the hemorrhoid is repeatedly prolapsed, and sometimes it cannot be returned as a hard mass around the anus, which is painful when touched, then a thrombus is formed, which requires active surgical treatment, and thrombus stripping or mixed hemorrhoid external peeling and internal ligation can be performed.