The kidney is the most important excretory organ in the body, and the main organ for endocrine and production of active substances such as erythropoietin, active vitamin D and renin. Chronic kidney disease is an invisible killer, and the risk of patients with combined coronary heart disease and stroke is 20 times higher than that of people without kidney disease. Everyone should pay attention to the protection of the kidney, regular early screening of kidney disease. Protect the kidneys in eight ways to start a. Eat to light and moderate 1, reduce salt. An important function of the kidneys is to excrete sodium. This means that if you usually have a heavy mouth, you will consume too much salt. This increases the burden on the kidneys. When the kidneys can not eliminate too much salt will induce hypertension, and long-term hypertension will lead to ischemic damage to the kidneys. 2, less oil. According to China’s dietary guidelines, adults should consume less than 30g of fat per day. If the usual fat intake is too much, it is easy to lead to hypertension and obesity. Hyperlipidemia and obesity not only easily lead to diabetes, hypertension and other diseases, but also can lead to kidney disease. Therefore, every person should balance in and out (i.e., the caloric intake and consumption are kept in balance) to make their weight and waist circumference reach the standard. Whether the body weight is up to standard is usually expressed by body mass index (BMI): Body mass index (BMI) = weight (Kg) ∕ height (m) squared. The normal range of BMI for adults in China is: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24. 24 ≤ BMI < 28 is overweight, BMI ≥ 28 is obese. The standard waist circumference for adults in China is: <90 cm for men and <85 cm for women. If more than this standard, it is said to be central obesity. 3, high protein food do not eat more. Normal people's kidneys have a very strong reserve function, can completely compensate for the increase in renal excretion caused by a high protein diet. General adult daily protein intake per kilogram of body weight in 1.0 ~ 1.2g, will be able to meet the nutritional needs, there is no need to consume too much protein. Especially the elderly and patients with chronic kidney disease have reduced kidney reserve function, frequent intake of high protein diet can force the kidneys to be in high filtration state, which will result in sclerosis of kidney tissue and further reduction of function. So. The elderly and patients with chronic kidney disease should especially control the intake of protein. Second, drink to pay attention to the choice 1, drink what water is good. To meet the needs of consumers, there are a variety of water products on the market. But for most people, the ordinary plain water should still be the first choice. Light tea is also suitable for most people to drink. In the absence of boiled water on hand, you can drink pure water or mineral water. Frequent and heavy consumption of carbonated beverages is not advocated. It is important to note that it is best to drink the same day of boiling water, not drinking water, steamer water. Because thousands of boiling water, steamer water, overnight water and overnight tea inside the content of harmful substances sulfites significantly higher, often and such water is harmful to health. 2, how much water to drink every day. In mild climates, healthy adults should drink 1200 ml of water per day. As each person there are certain individual differences, coupled with the season and other environmental factors, people can increase or decrease according to their own situation. 3, how to drink wine. Long-term heavy drinking can damage the mucosa of the digestive tract and liver function, and cause fatty liver, alcoholic liver. And some kidney disease that comes from fatty liver disease. In order to protect the kidneys, it is recommended that you make a wise choice and consciously drink a limited amount of alcohol. Even if you do drink, try to choose low alcoholic beverages in small amounts, such as beer, wine or yellow wine. The Chinese Nutrition Society recommends the following daily limits for adults - men: ≤25g of alcohol, equivalent to 750ml of beer, or 250ml of wine, or 75g of 38° white wine, or 50g of high alcohol; women: ≤15g of alcohol, equivalent to 450ml of beer, or 150ml of wine, or 50g of 38° white wine. or 38 ° of white wine 50 g. Third, row to timely do not drag 1, holding urine is a bad habit. Generally, the capacity of the normal adult bladder is 800~1000ml. when the volume of urine in the bladder reaches 150~200ml, there will be a feeling of urination; when the volume of urine exceeds 400ml, there will be a strong feeling of urination and urine holding. When urine holding is felt, the ureter and renal pelvis can be mildly dilated. Holding urine for a long time can easily lead to urine reflux and induce bacterial infection, etc. 2, timely urination is beneficial to the kidney. Develop the habit of urinating in time when you start to have the feeling of urination, timely emptying of the bladder, as far as possible to reduce urine in the bladder but I retain time, can effectively reduce the occurrence of urinary tract diseases. Fourth, sleep to avoid staying up late Now medical science believes that human resistance has a good protective effect on the kidneys. Human resistance is closely related to sleep, and the quality of sleep depends to a large extent on whether people's work and rest in accordance with the biological clock. Sleeping meridian is an important point of view of ancestral medicine for human health, indicating that the ancient people of China discovered this correct law of health very early. We recommend that you try to avoid living through the night, driving at night. If the work needs, but also in the bedroom to create a night-like environment, conducive to getting a good night's sleep, so that resistance is restored. Five, move need to vary from person to person 1, most people carry out moderate intensity aerobic exercise 30 minutes a day, can promote blood circulation and enhance physical fitness. 2, the majority of the elderly population is not suitable for strenuous exercise, chronic kidney disease patients in particular. 3, whether it is exercise, or work, household chores, can not be overworked, otherwise it will make resistance to reduce. Six, the medicine is not taken at will 1, herbal medicine is not necessarily safe. Among our people, the prejudice that herbal medicine is non-toxic or very little toxicity prevails. In fact, this is not true, such as herbal medicines containing aristolochic acid. In our country, common Aristolochia plants include: Aristolochia, Tian Xian Vine, Guan Mu Tong, Qing Mu Xiang, Guang Fang Ji, Bone Seeker, etc. Therefore, we should be alert to the toxic side effects of herbal medicines, under the guidance of a doctor, rather than taking them at your own discretion. 2, many western drugs have nephrotoxicity. Common drugs with nephrotoxicity include: analgesics, antipyretics, antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and contrast contrast agents. Elderly people ≥60 years old are at high risk of kidney damage caused by drugs due to changes in kidney structure and physiological functions, such as reduced kidney weight, arterial vascular sclerosis, decreased blood flow, reduced secretion of vasoactive substances, reduced urine concentration and dilution, and decreased renal reserve function. Drugs mainly damage renal function by causing acute interstitial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis, tubulointerstitial obstruction, and chronic tubulointerstitial damage. There are also a small number of drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiviral drugs, which can also lead to glomerular damage and more urinary protein. Seven, effective control of blood pressure Effective control of blood pressure is an important measure to delay and prevent kidney disease damage, should be controlled at ≤ 130∕80mmHg or less. Eight, check the need for regular in-depth 1, regular urine tests. Routine urine examination. This is currently the preferred method of screening for kidney disease at all levels of hospital. It mainly includes the determination of urine protein, urine sugar, urine occult blood, red blood cells and white blood cells and other items. Routine urine test is convenient and quick, and you can usually see the test report after 30 minutes. Other urine tests. Since routine urinalysis is a random section of urine taken throughout the day, it cannot fully and truly reflect the patient's condition. Therefore, those who present with proteinuria should be further examined for 24-hour urine protein quantification, plasma albumin, total protein and renal function (including plasma creatinine, urea, uric acid, etc.) tests. For patients presenting with plasma, urine red blood cell morphology and number examination (urine phase contrast microscopy) should also be performed to initially determine the source of urine red blood cells. Special tip: Healthy middle-aged and elderly people should have their urine routinely checked 1 to 2 times a year. Middle-aged and elderly people with diabetes, hypertension and obesity should have their urine routine checked once every 3-6 months. Middle-aged and elderly people who already have chronic kidney disease should follow up with the hospital once every 1~3 months. It is recommended that obese patients with kidney damage should be actively treated with medication to keep the 24-hour urine protein quantification below 0.3g. 2. Imaging examination. For patients with prominent hematuria, especially those with normal form or homogeneous red cell urine, imaging examination of the urinary system, including ultrasound, or CT MRI, should be performed. 3.Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy. to look for the source of hematuria. For patients who are not found to have a clear lesion by urinary system impact examination, or even cystoscopy, regular follow-up should be performed to observe the changes in hematuria. 4.Renal function examination. Anyone found to have proteinuria or hematuria by routine urinalysis should undergo regular renal function tests, which include serum creatinine, urea, endogenous creatinine clearance, and glomerular filtration rate assessed by serum creatinine level, or glomerular filtration rate of the kidney measured by radionuclide examination.