OVERVIEW
Overview
Pulmonary toxoplasmosis is an inflammatory disease of the lungs caused by infection with Toxoplasma gondii. The protozoan invades the human body and spreads through the bloodstream, most likely to invade the central nervous system, and the lungs can also be involved. Clinical manifestations can be acute or chronic, manifested by chest pain, dry cough, fever, shortness of breath, cyanosis and so on.
Whether medical insurance
yes
Department
Respiratory Medicine, Infection
Clinical symptoms
Chest pain, dry cough, fever, shortness of breath, cyanosis, etc.
Hazards
It can invade multiple organ systems of the whole body, causing retinal choroiditis, cerebral calcification, hydrocephalus, meningitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, etc., and in severe cases, heart failure can occur.
Complications
Retinochoroiditis, cerebral calcification, hydrocephalus, meningitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, and pericardial effusion.
Tests
Blood routine, pathogenetic test, X-ray film, immunological examination, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made based on the history of toxoplasmosis infection with chest pain, dry cough, fever, shortness of breath, cyanosis, etc., combined with pathogenicity test, X-ray film, etc.
Treatment principle
Anti-toxoplasmosis treatment, symptomatic treatment, prevention of complications.
Curability
The prognosis is generally good if there are no serious complications.
Dietary advice
1. Reasonable diet, strengthen nutrition, pay attention to dietary hygiene. 2. Infants and young children advocate breastfeeding, add complementary food reasonably. 3.
Causes
Causes
Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Transmission
Toxoplasma gondii infection is transmitted through the digestive tract and vertically from mother to baby and placenta.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
1. Adult acquired pulmonary toxoplasmosis often manifests as chest pain, low-grade fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, skin rash, generalized lymph node enlargement, enlarged tonsils, joint and muscle pain, and even cyanosis, etc. 2. In congenital pulmonary toxoplasmosis, the newborns may develop neurological lesions such as retinochoroiditis, hydrocephalus or microcephaly after birth, which may be manifested as convulsions, tremor, paralysis, lethargy, coma, movement disorders, mental retardation, etc., and may be accompanied by cough, fever, shortness of breath, and cyanosis. It may be accompanied by cough, fever, shortness of breath, cyanosis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and other manifestations.
Diagnostic basis
History of close contact with poultry in the infected area, such as dogs and cats.2. Chest pain, low-grade fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, rash, etc. Infants and young children may have neurological manifestations such as convulsions, tremors, paralysis, lethargy, coma, etc.3. Routine blood tests show a slight increase in the counts of monocytes and lymphocytes.4. Protozoa may be found by direct microscopic examination of blood, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, bone marrow, etc, by inoculation of the animal, or in tissue cultures.5. X-ray of the lungs Early radiographs show that the lung fields are generally frosted glassy and the hilar shadows are enlarged, and large solid shadows can be seen as the disease progresses.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Anti-Toxoplasma gondii treatment, symptomatic treatment, prevention of complications.
Drug treatment
Ethylaminopyrimidine and sulfadiazine are commonly used, and calcium formyltetrahydrofolate can be added to reduce the toxicity of ethylaminopyrimidine. Diazepam, chloral hydrate, barbiturates can be used for convulsions.
Other treatments
Appropriate physical cooling can be used for those with fever.
Prognosis
The general prognosis is good for those without serious complications.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Keep the environment quiet and tidy, ventilate every day, avoid strong light stimulation and direct blowing of convective wind. 2. Live a regular life and ensure enough sleep. 3. Food utensils used by the patient should be boiled, and clothes and handkerchiefs should be sterilized or exposed to the sun. 4.
Dietary management
1. Reasonable diet, strengthen nutrition, pay attention to dietary hygiene. 2. Infants and young children advocate breastfeeding, and reasonably add complementary foods. 3.