Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological endocrine disease with clinical manifestations of scanty menstruation, acne, hirsutism, obesity and infertility. In addition, patients with PCOS have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension and endometrial cancer, which seriously jeopardizes the physical and mental health and quality of life of women. Since PCOS patients have different ages and treatment needs, clinical treatment usually takes standardized and individualized symptomatic treatment according to patients’ complaints, needs and metabolic changes, and actively prevents long-term risks. In general, improving insulin resistance, correcting metabolic abnormalities such as hyperandrogenemia and dyslipidemia, correctly and effectively adjusting the menstrual cycle, and standardizing the management of endometrial hyperplasia, on the basis of weight control and lifestyle modification, are the key strategies for the symptomatic treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome to prevent its long-term complications. However, many women are hesitant to talk about medication, especially hormone therapy, and ask: Can polycystic ovaries be treated by controlling diet and strengthening exercise without medication? First of all, no matter what kind of treatment, lifestyle modification, diet control and exercise are the most basic and the first line of treatment for PCOS, especially for overweight and obese PCOS patients. Excessive androgen leads to abdominal fat deposition, which exacerbates insulin resistance, and excessive insulin secretion further increases ovarian androgen secretion, creating a vicious cycle of PCOS pathophysiology. Therefore, a low-calorie diet and energy-consuming exercise may control this vicious cycle, improve the metabolic complications of PCOS, alter or reduce symptoms of menstrual disorders, hirsutism, acne, etc., and facilitate infertility treatment. Losing weight to the normal range may improve insulin resistance and stop the long-term development of adverse consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome, such as metabolic syndromes like diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Since lifestyle modifications, dietary control, and increased exercise are so effective, is there no need for medication? Of course not. Lifestyle adjustments take a long time, and many PCOS symptoms impose a great burden on women physically and mentally, which is why some medications or even surgical treatments are needed. For example, patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often have scanty menstruation or amenorrhea, which can be treated with oral short-acting contraceptives to regulate the menstrual cycle and prevent endometrial lesions. Some manifestations of hyperandrogenemia such as hirsuteness and acne can cause great psychological burden to patients, and oral contraceptives can be used to reduce androgen levels. Insulin sensitizers such as metformin can improve the patient’s glucose tolerance while lowering higher androgen levels. And for infertile patients assisted reproductive technology may also change their fertility outcome. Lifestyle modifications based on normal rest, dietary control and aerobic exercise are therefore the basis of all treatments, but some effective and targeted pharmacological treatments are also indispensable for symptomatic treatment and prevention of long-term complications.