Head and neck tumor is a common disease which covers the face, nasal cavity, oral cavity, throat, nasopharynx and neck. In addition, there are 200 to 300 lymph nodes in the neck of normal people, and many malignant tumors can cause lymph node metastasis in the neck. Therefore, head and neck tumor is a kind of complex disease. According to the nature of head and neck tumors, they can be divided into four categories: inflammatory diseases. These patients usually have a short onset time, only a few days on average. Their masses are localized with tenderness, and those with obvious inflammation may have localized skin congestion. The general population may also have enlarged lymph nodes in the neck due to colds, toothache, acute tonsillitis, orchitis, etc. This is a normal reaction and the patient should not be too nervous and can be seen by a specialist. This type of inflammation can be treated properly with antimicrobial agents. There is another type of atopic inflammation, commonly known as tuberculosis of the lymph nodes in the neck. The incidence of tuberculosis has increased with the increase of mobile population. Cervical lymph node TB is a painless string of enlarged lymph nodes that require lymph node puncture for a definitive diagnosis, and local lymph node biopsy improves the accuracy of the diagnosis. Once TB is diagnosed, prompt anti-TB treatment is required. Congenital disease. The onset of this type of patient is usually several years, and some are found at birth. These tumors are slow growing. The specialist can usually make the initial diagnosis according to the location of the tumor. Those located in the middle of the neck are usually related to the development of the thyroid gland, such as thyroglossal duct cysts; those on the side of the neck include cheek cleft cysts, dermatomal cysts, lymphangioleiomas, hemangiomas and so on. The treatment is surgical excision. Benign tumors. The onset of this type of tumor is usually a few months and the growth is slow. The origin of the tumor is known by its site of origin. The most common are thyroid tumors; benign tumors of saliva-producing glands such as parotid and submandibular glands; and nerve sheath tumors of cervical nerve origin. The treatment for such benign tumors remains surgical excision. Congenital diseases and benign tumors are usually not significantly painful. Malignant tumors. The incidence of head and neck cancer has been increasing significantly year by year in recent years. It generally prefers to occur in men. There are cancers originating from the head and neck, such as thyroid cancer, parotid cancer, submandibular gland cancer and so on. However, most of the malignant tumors in the neck are metastatic cancers. About 80% of them are metastases from primary cancers of the ear, nose, pharynx, larynx, oral and maxillofacial areas. Most of the metastatic cancers in the otorhinolaryngology range occur in the middle and upper part of the neck. If metastatic cancers only occur in the supraclavicular fossa, in men they should be considered as lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer and liver cancer; in women they are lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and bladder cancer. Generally, those who metastasize to this place are mostly in advanced stage, and the treatment effect is not good. Nasopharyngeal cancer may have a lump or lymph node metastasis in the lower part of the earlobe in the early stage, and there are also discomfort such as aspiration with blood, unilateral ear congestion, tinnitus, nasal congestion and headache. Oral cancer may include mouth ulcers that are difficult to heal, difficulty in swallowing, and pain. For laryngeal cancer, there are hoarseness, cough, hemoptysis, foreign body sensation in the throat and discomfort in eating. There are also malignant tumors originating from lymph nodes in the neck, such as malignant lymphoma. The treatment of head and neck cancer is more complicated. For cancers originating from the head and neck, surgery is preferred to remove the primary focus, and if necessary, cervical lymph node dissection is added. Except for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is treated with radiotherapy, all other metastatic carcinomas in the otorhinolaryngological area require resection of the primary focus plus cervical lymph node dissection. For malignant tumors with distant metastases in the cervical lymph nodes, the surgical effect is poor. For malignant lymphoma, chemotherapy is required.