Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the lungs, and the most important way of transmission is droplet transmission. Its pathogenesis mainly includes local immune response, formation of tuberculosis nodules and granulomas, and formation of caseous necrosis.
1. Local immune response: phagocytes can phagocytose and kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhaled into the alveoli, and then together with dendritic cells, they present tuberculosis antigens and release cytokines, thus causing local immune response.
2. Formation of tuberculosis nodules and granulomas: Mycobacterium tuberculosis can penetrate deeper and deeper and be phagocytosed by macrophages, when inflammatory cells are recruited at the lesion. Macrophages may gradually differentiate and eventually form tuberculous nodules and tuberculous granulomas with a stratified structure.
3. Formation of caseous necrosis: the fibers in the periphery of the granuloma are densified, the blood vessels entering the granuloma disappear, and the foaming of macrophages increases, eventually forming caseous necrosis.
If you are infected with tuberculosis, it is recommended that you seek prompt medical attention for diagnosis and treatment, and pay attention to isolation to avoid infecting others.