Epiglottic swelling indicates abnormal neoplasm on the surface mucosa of the epiglottis, which can be classified into two natures: the first is benign tumor, including epiglottic cyst, epiglottic polyp, and epiglottic papilloma. The second type is malignant tumor of the epiglottis. Patients need to go to the hospital for electronic laryngoscopy, which can make a clear diagnosis. Benign tumors of the epiglottis can occur on the lingual surface of the epiglottis, such as cysts and polyps. A new organism with a smooth, pale white, painless and soft surface is found on the lingual surface of the epiglottis, which can cause a decrease in the lifting function of the epiglottis and lead to choking and coughing when the patient eats or drinks. To treat the cyst or polyp, a direct supported laryngoscopic removal of the epiglottis can be performed, which requires hospitalization and can be discharged in about a week. Postoperative antibiotics and also glucocorticoids are required to reduce the edema of the epiglottis. In case of malignant tumor of the epiglottis, which can occur behind the epiglottis, a cauliflower-like neoplasm with uneven surface and yellow discharge as well as blood crust is seen on the surface of the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis on examination. If the tumor is diagnosed as malignant, an enlarged excision of the epiglottis or a total laryngectomy is required.