Adenomyosis and adenomyoma are not the same disease, although both are caused by the invasion of endometrial glands and mesenchyme into the myometrium. The causes of adenomyosis and adenomyoma are the same, although the distribution of endometrium and mesenchyme in the myometrium is different. In adenomyosis, the endometrium that is ectopic to the myometrium is more uniformly distributed, so it causes the uterus to enlarge uniformly. In contrast, adenomyoma is a collection of endometrium ectopic to the myometrium in one place, resulting in the formation of a localized nodule or mass that causes a limited nodular bulge of the uterus. The symptoms of adenomyosis and adenomyoma are similar and both are prone to increased menstrual flow and prolonged menstrual periods, and may also be associated with progressive dysmenorrhea that gets progressively worse. It is recommended that the patient should consult a doctor in a timely manner, complete the relevant examinations, clarify the cause of the disease under the guidance of a professional doctor, and target treatment.