Enterotoxemia, also known as “soft kidney disease”, is an acute toxemia in sheep caused by Clostridium perfringens type D (Clostridium perfringens). Characterized by rapid onset, short duration, and renal flaccidity. 1, pathogenesis D type Clostridium perfringens is a member of the genus Clostridium. Gram stain-positive, anaerobic, can form pods and bacteriophages of large rods. Exists in the soil, animal intestines and sewage. General disinfectants are easy to kill the propagules of the bacterium, but the bacterium is more resistant, and it takes 2.5 hours at 95 ℃ to kill. 2. Epidemiology The source of infection is sick sheep and sheep with bacteria. The disease is oral infection. The susceptible animals are sheep, and sheep of different breeds and ages can be infected. It mainly occurs in sheep, but less in goats, especially in sheep of 2 to 12 months of age with good fat. The disease is seasonal, occurring in late spring and early summer when grasses are budding and in autumn when forage is bearing; in agricultural areas, it occurs during the vegetable or autumn harvest season, when a large amount of vegetable roots, leaves or grains are eaten. The disease is mainly disseminated, the incubation period is short, often sudden onset and death, rarely see symptoms. 3. Clinical symptoms The disease is often asymptomatic and sudden onset and death of animals. If the disease lasts for a long time, neurological symptoms can be seen, the whole body muscle spasms, corneal arch, fall to the ground, the limbs twitch in the form of paddling. The respiration is urgent and white foam comes out of the mouth and nose. Some do not show neurological symptoms and are characterized by coma and death. 4.Pathological changes The kidney swelling and soft mud-like lesions are the most characteristic. The abdomen of the dead sheep is enlarged, and the stomach is full of food and gas. The mucous membrane of the large and small intestine is congested, hemorrhagic and full of gas, and the entire intestinal wall is red in severe cases. The gallbladder is enlarged, and fluid accumulates in the chest, abdomen and pericardium. (1) Preliminary diagnosis can be made based on typical clinical symptoms and pathological changes, and further laboratory diagnosis is required to confirm the diagnosis. (2) Laboratory diagnosis Pathogenic examination: microscopic examination of intestinal contents, bacterial isolation and identification, toxin examination. (3) Differential diagnosis The disease should be distinguished from fast epidemic, sudden snipe, black epidemic and anthrax. 6. Prevention and control The disease can be prevented by vaccine immunization in infected areas. As the germs are widely found in nature, feeding management should be strengthened and environmental hygiene should be maintained. As far as possible to avoid triggering factors such as sudden changes in feed, avoid eating more grains especially in early spring can not feed more grass and forage with snow and ice. When grazing, choose high slopes as far as possible, not low-lying areas. Treatment: 1, penicillin 5 – 100,000 / per kg of body weight, 5 – 10 ml of water for injection, intramuscular injection, 1-2 times a day, for 3 – 5 days, in serious cases, the whole herd injection. 2.20％ long-acting oxytetracycline injection 0.1ml/per kg, once a day or every other day, for 3 times. In severe cases, inject the whole herd. 3.10％ sulfadiazine injection 70–100 mg/per kg, 10% glucose injection 250–500 ml. Inject intravenously twice a day for 3 days. Once the epidemic occurs, first apply vaccine for emergency immunization, and use antiserum or antitoxin treatment for lambs. Transfer the pasture urgently, give less green feed and feed more roughage. At the same time, the sick animals should be isolated, the sick and dead sheep should be disposed of in a harmless manner and the environment should be thoroughly disinfected to prevent the spread of pathogens.