The most common types of dysphonia are psychogenic dysphonia (e.g., stuttering) and functional dysphonia (e.g., slurred speech and slurred spelling). Psychogenic dysphonia is also called non-organic dysphonia. It is manifested by varying degrees of hoarseness, negative laryngeal examination, and near normal voice when coughing, laughing or clearing the throat. Organogenic dysphonia, which are produced by precursors, are commonly found in children with cleft palate and harelip. Examination method: 1. Oropharyngeal examination method: Use tongue depressor to lightly press the front 2/3 of the patient’s tongue, ask the patient to make “ah” sound, observe the movement of soft palate, check the bilateral palatoglossal arch, palatopharyngeal arch, lateral pharyngeal cord and posterior pharyngeal wall, pay attention to the pharyngeal mucosa for congestion, swelling, ulceration, pseudomembrane, pus moss, dryness and bulge. The palatine tonsils on both sides were also examined, noting their size and shape, and the presence of secretions, foreign bodies or new organisms at the mouth of the crypt. The teeth, tongue, soft palate and hard palate should also be noted for any abnormalities. Some patients with sensitive pharyngeal reflex can be examined after surface anesthesia with 1% bupivacaine spray on the pharynx. 2.Nasopharyngeal examination method: Through indirect nasopharyngoscopy, we can observe the back of soft palate, posterior nostril area, pharyngeal pharyngeal opening and pharyngeal tube round pillow, top of nasopharynx and adenoids, we should pay attention to whether there is congestion, roughness, bleeding, infiltration, ulceration and neoplasm. 3.Fiber nasopharyngoscopy and fiberoptic laryngoscopy: it is suitable for those who have difficulty in indirect nasopharyngoscopy or indirect laryngoscopy, and it is not easy to see all the structures in the pharynx and larynx. Before examination, the nasal mucosa is contracted with 1% ephedrine cotton tablets and the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa is surface anesthetized with 1% bupivacaine. A fiberoptic nasopharyngoscope or fiberoptic laryngoscope is inserted through the nasal cavity for examination, and a biopsy or excision of small lesions can be taken at the same time. It has the advantages of clear field of view and image magnification; the fiber bundle of the catheter is soft and bendable, which makes the examination comfortable and easy to find lesions in more hidden areas (such as subsonic tumors); the more advanced fiberoptic nasopharyngoscope and fiberoptic laryngoscope have camera devices, which can take pictures for easy reading and archiving.