Perianal abscess is a common perianal disease in infants and young children, most common in infants and young children within 6 months of age. Because infants and young children are in the growth and development period, their pathogenic factors and clinical characteristics are different from those of adults, clinically manifested as hard nodules around the anus, redness, swelling and heat pain, which may develop into anal fistula if not effectively controlled. Infants and young children are prone to perianal abscesses for the following reasons: 1. sex hormone factors: perianal abscesses are mostly related to infection of the anal glands, the development and function of the anal glands are mainly regulated by human sex hormones, with the change of age, the corresponding changes in sex hormones directly affect the proliferation and atrophy of the anal glands, newborns or infants, there is a period of time when the level of androgens is high, due to the role of androgens, so that the newborn lipid glands are particularly developed. If there are factors of infection, newborns are prone to perianal abscess. 2, immunological factors: the onset of perianal abscess in infants and children is also related to local immune insufficiency of the anal canal. 3 months or less is the weakest period of immune function, because the local immune structure of the anorectal mucosa is immature, the anal fossa is susceptible to infection, after the child is 1 year old, the immune function gradually improves, and the onset is significantly reduced. It is generally believed that with the decrease of androgen level and the improvement of immune function, perianal abscesses or fistulas in infants and children may heal naturally, so local sitz baths and topical ointments can be used to promote inflammation, and simple incision and drainage of pus can also be done, but radical surgery should not be performed to prevent muscle damage, anal deformation and anal incontinence.