Bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the chronic diseases that pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. Data show that nearly half of the patients in China are not under ideal control, and many asthma and COPD patients are not receiving standardized treatment, which affects their normal work and life. Less than six percent of asthma and COPD patients in China’s major cities are currently receiving standardized treatment, and even fewer in rural areas are receiving standardized treatment. Nowadays, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have become preventable and treatable diseases because the pathogenesis of both diseases is a chronic inflammatory response in the airways, which is lifelong, therefore, the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease also requires lifelong medication as common diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Lifetime medication options nowadays are mainly inhaled hormonal drugs and inhaled long-acting beta-agonists. The dose of inhaled drugs is much smaller than the oral dose, so there are no significant side effects associated with the standardized lifetime application. The most important reason for the current high mortality rate of asthma in China is the irregularity of treatment. Many patients are treated only for the symptoms of asthma, rather than for the underlying cause. Eighty percent of asthma patients can achieve complete control or good control if standardized treatment is taken. In the future we will focus on the etiology, pathology and treatment, prevention and daily management of this disease.