The main side effects of bone cement in the elderly are some toxicity, possible damage to peripheral neurovascularization, risk of pulmonary embolism, and greater susceptibility to fracture of adjacent vertebrae. 1. Toxicity, when bone cement is injected in the elderly, the bone cement may have some cardiotoxicity. 2. Damage to peripheral nerves and blood vessels, as bone cement is liquid when injected into the vertebrae, there is a possibility of leakage through the fracture line, and if it leaks into the vertebral canal, the exothermic nature of the bone cement when it solidifies may burn or compress the nerves and blood vessels. 3. Pulmonary embolism. When bone cement is in an unset state, it is easy to leak into blood vessels and circulate along the blood vessels to the pulmonary vessels, causing pulmonary embolism. 4. Neighboring vertebrae are more prone to fracture. The strength of vertebrae is strengthened after injecting bone cement into the vertebrae, and the strength difference with neighboring vertebrae increases, which will easily cause secondary fracture of neighboring vertebrae when trauma occurs. The use of bone cement in the elderly should be carefully understood the risks, and treatment under the guidance of a physician.