Congenital hydrocephalus is a multifactorial disorder caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors such as intrauterine infection by viruses and Toxoplasma gondii protozoa have a greater impact on the development of the embryo and can lead to severe congenital malformations in the fetus. What is hydrocephalus? Clinical manifestations of hydrocephalus are mainly rapid and progressive enlargement of the skull in weeks or months after birth (the head circumference (occipitofrontal) of normal infants in the earliest 6 months grows 1.2-1.3cm per month, but in this disease, it can be increased by 2-3 times), and at the same time the skull bone is rounded with the frontal roof protruding out, the fontanelle enlarged and bulging, the skull suture do open, the skull bone is deformed, and there is a sound like a “broken kettle” when percussion is made, hair is thinning, and there is a sound like a broken pot, and there is a sound like a broken pot. “The hair is sparse, the temporofrontal veins are dilated, the eyeballs are rotated downward, and the upper sclera is exposed from time to time, showing a sunset appearance (the eyes are like the setting sun). The child is depressed, and the head cannot be lifted. In severe cases, it can be accompanied by brain dysfunction, which manifests as epilepsy, vomiting, convulsions, strabismus, nystagmus, speech disorders, paralysis of the limbs, ataxia, difficulty in walking, and mental developmental insufficiency. In adults, seizure headache, head swelling, dizziness, tinnitus, vision loss, lower limb weakness, memory loss, dementia and so on. How to prevent hydrocephalus? The key to preventing hydrocephalus from occurring is to eliminate the risk factors before the formation of hydrocephalus and the factors that lead to the disease during the fetal and perinatal periods. 1, eliminate and improve the genetic factors and environmental factors Congenital hydrocephalus is a multi-factorial disease caused by the joint action of genetic factors and environmental factors. In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors in the intrauterine infection of viruses and toxoplasma protozoa have a greater impact on the development of the embryo, which can lead to severe congenital malformations of the fetus, such as hydrocephalus. In addition, radiation factors in early pregnancy can also lead to congenital hydrocephalus. Premarital testing, elimination of consanguineous marriages, and genetic counseling can prevent this disease. With the abolition of mandatory marriage examination, pre-pregnancy examination, pre-pregnancy guidance and pre-pregnancy preventive treatment have become the most important safeguards against congenital hydrocephalus. 2.Strengthen early prenatal diagnosis and early termination of pregnancy Early prenatal diagnosis is an important way to prevent congenital hydrocephalus. Obvious hydrocephalus can be detected by ultrasound at 12-18 weeks of pregnancy. Once detected, pregnancy should be terminated as early as possible to prevent the birth of children with hydrocephalus. 3, safe delivery, avoiding infection, avoiding fetal asphyxia during delivery, preventing birth injury; in the postnatal health care period, preterm babies should have preterm labor supervision, and full-term treatment should be carried out after full-term to avoid infection. These are all important aspects of preventing hydrocephalus. What are the causes of hydrocephalus? There are many causes of hydrocephalus, and the common ones are as follows: 1. Congenital malformations: such as narrowing of the midbrain aqueduct, diaphragm formation or atresia, interventricular foramen atresia malformation (fourth ventricle median foramen or lateral space atresia), cerebral vascular malformations, crural fissure, and cerebellar hernia under the tonsils. 2.Infection: intrauterine infections such as various viruses, protozoa and syphilis spirochete infective meningitis can not be controlled at an early stage, and the proliferating fibrous tissues block the circulating orifices of cerebral crural fluid, or intracranial inflammation in the fetus can make the brain pools, subarachnoid space and arachnoid granules adherent and occlusive. 3.Hemorrhage: fibrous hyperplasia caused by intracranial hemorrhage, malabsorption of intracranial hemorrhage in birth injury. 4.Tumor: it can block any part of cerebral crural fluid circulation, which is more commonly seen near the fourth ventricle, or choroid plexus papilloma. 5.Others: certain hereditary metabolic diseases, perinatal and neonatal asphyxia, severe vitamin A deficiency, etc. How to take care of hydrocephalus? 1.Room temperature should be kept at 18～21℃, humidity at 55%, ventilation at regular intervals to keep the air circulation in the ward, and provide a quiet, clean, comfortable and safe environment for treatment and rehabilitation of the patients. 2, the diet should be easy to open the brain, through the meridians, spleen and kidney, fill the essence of the brain, strong body and easy to digest food-based. 3, good psychological care, nursing staff should be kind, warm, patient care patients detailed understanding of the patient’s condition, family, social environment, to help patients and their families to establish confidence in overcoming the disease, and actively cooperate with the treatment, change passive into active, to create a treatment and rehabilitation of the best psychological state. 4.Measure the head of the patient at regular intervals and ask whether there is any history of nausea or vomiting. 5.When the intracranial pressure increases, closely observe the changes of vital signs, especially the changes of consciousness and pupil, whether there is brain hernia and intracranial hypertension triad (headache, vomiting, optic papillae edema), make special care records, and record the amount of in and out. 6, the application of mannitol to reduce blood pressure must be fast drip, in half an hour drop finished, not leakage into the subcutaneous, in order to prevent local skin tissue necrosis. 7.Prevent complications, avoid moving when the intracranial pressure is increased, cushion the head with soft pillow to one side and elevate it 15-30°, suck out the secretion of the airway in time to keep the airway open, pay attention to protect the cornea when coma, and prevent decubitus ulcers. 8.Critical patients should be prepared for resuscitation (instruments), and tracheotomy if necessary. 9, symptomatic care, convulsions, notify the doctor to give sedation JI, there are indications of hypoxia when oxygen, hyperthermia, heat treatment. 10.Guide parents or assist the patient to do functional training, with active movement as the main. 11, for disease etiology and rehabilitation principles of treatment, good discharge guidance to ensure treatment.