Atrial fibrillation, or AF for short, is a common clinical arrhythmia. According to statistics, the incidence of atrial fibrillation in people over 30 years of age in China is 0.77%, which may be higher if asymptomatic atrial fibrillation is included, and is higher in men than in women, and the incidence increases with age, reaching more than 10% in people over 75 years of age. As the aging population progresses, AF will become one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases in the next 50 years. Common causes include hypertension, coronary artery disease, valvular disease, chronic lung disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroidism, pericarditis, etc. It is also associated with alcohol consumption and mental stress. The symptoms of atrial fibrillation itself mainly include panic, palpitations, chest tightness, and uneven pulse, but many patients may not have symptoms but are detected when they visit the doctor for complications such as stroke. Therefore, atrial fibrillation should be considered when there are paroxysmal panic attacks, palpitations, uneven pulse on self-test, or unexplained stroke. Patients with atrial fibrillation cause far more embolic events than those without atrial fibrillation, especially the incidence of stroke is more than five times that of normal people, and can also cause embolism in the arteries of the extremities, renal arteries, mesenteric arteries, etc., with a high rate of death and disability. In addition, atrial fibrillation often has obvious panic and palpitations during paroxysmal attacks and fast heart rate, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. In addition, atrial fibrillation is closely related to heart failure, hospitalization rate and mortality. The best outcome of atrial fibrillation treatment is restoration of sinus rhythm, but restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm is difficult and may not always be beneficial due to various factors such as difficulty in determining the cause, side effects of medications, less than optimal success rate of interventions, and cost of treatment. Most patients with persistent atrial fibrillation are primarily concerned with controlling the rapid ventricular rate and improving the patient’s symptoms due to a rapid heart rate, for example. The most neglected prevention of thromboembolic events at present, especially those patients at high risk of thromboembolic events such as those aged 65 years or older, hypertension, heart failure, heart valve disease, diabetes mellitus and stroke should be anticoagulated as soon and reasonably as possible. At present, due to factors such as drug prices and medical insurance policies, the main anticoagulant drug in China is still warfarin. However, due to the need for frequent monitoring of coagulation, the difficulty for patients to accept it and the lack of awareness of doctors and other factors, resulting in a serious shortage of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation in China, according to statistics, the anticoagulation rate of patients with atrial fibrillation in China is less than 5%, even in tertiary care hospitals, the anticoagulation rate is less than 10%, and even in patients with atrial fibrillation who have already suffered a stroke, there is a general lack of anticoagulation.