Fasting blood glucose: It refers to the blood glucose measured before breakfast the next day (usually no later than 8:00 am) after 8-12 hours of overnight fasting, and the blood glucose before lunch and dinner is not fasting blood glucose. Monitoring fasting blood glucose can exclude relevant influencing factors and reflect the most realistic blood glucose control situation, and at the same time, it can test the efficacy of drugs, especially help to detect hypoglycemia. Normal fasting blood sugar should be ≤6.1mmol/L; if fasting blood sugar is between 6.1-7.2mmol/L, it is necessary to strengthen blood sugar control; if fasting blood sugar exceeds 7.2mmol/L, it means poor blood sugar control and urgent adjustment is needed. ≤6.1mmol/L 6.1-7.2mmol/L >7.2mmol/L 3am blood glucose: Monitoring 3am blood glucose when necessary can help identify the cause of early morning fasting hyperglycemia, whether it is the “dawn phenomenon” caused by insufficient glucose-lowering medication or insulin or the overdose of glucose-lowering medication that causes nocturnal hypoglycemia. The treatment of the two phenomena is very different. Pre-meal blood glucose: It refers to the blood glucose before lunch and dinner. Pre-meal blood sugar can guide patients to adjust the total amount of food to be consumed and the amount of insulin (or oral medication) to be injected before meals. In normal people, the difference between blood glucose 2 hours after meal and blood glucose before meal should be less than 2.8 mmol/L Blood glucose 2 hours after meal: It refers to the blood glucose value measured from the first bite of meal, and blood is taken on time 2 hours later. For most type 2 diabetic patients, two-hour postprandial blood glucose is sometimes more important than fasting blood glucose because such patients may not have high fasting blood glucose, but because their insulin secretion function has been impaired, they respond poorly to high sugar stimulation and develop postprandial hyperglycemia. According to the IDF 2007 guidelines on postprandial glucose control: 2 hours postprandial glucose is an independent predictor of cardiovascular complications, and 7.8 mmol/L postprandial glucose significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Self-monitoring is the most effective and practical tool for monitoring postprandial blood glucose, and it can also monitor the effect of therapeutic drugs for controlling postprandial blood glucose. Bedtime blood glucose: It reflects the body’s ability to control high blood glucose after eating a meal. The main purpose of monitoring bedtime blood glucose is to guide the dose of medication or insulin injection at night in order to avoid hypoglycemia at night. Random blood glucose: It refers to the blood glucose measured at any time of the day, and is checked at any time when hypoglycemia or significant hyperglycemia is suspected. A normal person’s random blood glucose should not exceed 11.1 mmol/L. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c): Glycosylated hemoglobin is a target for evaluating long-term blood glucose monitoring and is usually tested once every 3 months to reflect the overall situation of blood glucose control over 2-3 months. Glycosylated hemoglobin cannot be detected with a blood glucose meter, but can be used to determine the accuracy of blood glucose self-test results and whether the number of monitoring sessions is adequate. According to Chinese standards, the HbA1c target is <7.0%< span="">. Its level has some correlation with the average value of blood glucose, so the average blood glucose value over a certain period of time (7/14/30 days) shown by the blood glucose meter test can reflect the level of glycated hemoglobin to some extent. If the average blood glucose is at 7.5mmol/L, the HbA1c level is roughly around 6%, and the blood glucose is well controlled. If the average blood glucose is 15.5mmol/L, the HbA1c level is likely to be over 10%, and the glycemic control needs to be adjusted urgently.