Recently, the Xiao Fengya case has been hyped up in the media and caused a big furore. Xiao Fengya is a 3-year-old rural child who was diagnosed with a rare disease called retinoblastoma in November last year. Xiao Fengya eventually passed away on May 4 this year after the tumor was found too late affecting both eyes and further invading her brain. In fact, retinoblastoma can still be treated if it is detected early. Here, we would like to remind the public about retinoblastoma to prevent the tragedy from happening again. 1.What is retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor that originates from photoreceptor precursor cells. It is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in infants and children, but rare in adults. It is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in infants and children, and rare in adults. It is prone to intracranial and distant metastasis, which often endangers the lives of children, so early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are the keys to improve the cure rate and reduce mortality. 2.What are the special clinical manifestations of retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is often small in size and grows only in the eye, so it does not show any signs from the eye and the child does not have any uncomfortable feeling. The first thing affected by this disease is the child’s vision. When the tumor involves the eye muscles, the child will have strabismus; when the tumor invades the retina, the child will have reduced vision or blurred vision; as the tumor grows larger and compresses the blood vessels and other normal tissues in the eye, the pressure inside the eye will continue to rise, showing glaucoma symptoms: the anterior part of the eye is bruised, the cornea is foggy and cloudy, the pupil is dilated, the most prominent manifestation is the dilated pupil in the center of the eye, and there is yellow light or white light reflection in the pupil area. The most prominent manifestation is the dilated pupil in the center of the eye, with a yellow or white light reflection in the pupil area, like a cat’s eye. This phenomenon is more obvious at night or in the dark, and is known as white pupil syndrome, commonly known as black cat’s eye, which is actually an image of a tumor or completely detached retina behind the crystal. With a little attention, it is not difficult for parents to notice this abnormality in their child’s eyes. 3. How is retinoblastoma diagnosed? Since the initial manifestations of retinoblastoma are easily overlooked by parents and inexperienced doctors, careful observation by parents and thorough examination by doctors are needed. Look for the “cat’s eye” sign, especially when you take a picture of your baby and see that the baby’s eyes are white, as if they were cat’s eyes in the dark. Fundoscopy is the most important diagnostic tool: When you examine the fundus through a fundoscope after pupil dilation, you can see many special yellow-white or gray-white bulging masses on the retina, which are called white pupils. Ultrasound and CT examinations of the eye can also detect the masses. Fluorescence fundus angiography and anterior chamber cytology can be used as indicators for clear diagnosis before treatment and observation of efficacy after treatment. In addition, there are isotope scan, scleral transillumination method, tumor marker test and other methods also help to assist in diagnosis. 4.How is retinoblastoma treated? The treatment of retinoblastoma varies from person to person, and the specific situation of the child should be considered in a comprehensive manner. The primary goal of treatment is to save life, followed by preservation of the eye and then useful vision. In principle, the appropriate treatment plan, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, cryotherapy and photocoagulation, can be developed according to the size and extent of the tumor (whether it is invaded in one or both eyes). If the tumor is confined to the eye, surgery, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, and photocoagulation are sufficient for local treatment. However, if the tumor invades the orbit or even develops distant metastasis, chemotherapy is required. Early stage retinoblastoma is not only clinically curable, but also preserves the vision of the child if he or she is lucky. Therefore, the earlier the tumor is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment will be, and the less harm the baby will suffer.