Diffuse axonal injury is a relatively serious craniocerebral injury, which needs to be actively treated as soon as possible after diagnosis to prevent other brain injuries from aggravating the condition. Diffuse axonal injury can be categorized into primary axonal injury and secondary axonal injury, which commonly occurs when the head is hit hard. Diffuse axonal injury is often characterized by spot, pinpoint, or patchy hemorrhages at the gray-white matter junction of the brain and in the axonal area, which can be diagnosed by MRI scanning. Diffuse axonal injury can be categorized as mild, moderate or severe. Mild patients may experience symptoms such as unresponsiveness and disorientation, while severe patients may be comatose. Therefore, after diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury, hyperbaric oxygen and other appropriate treatments should be carried out as soon as possible under the guidance of a doctor to promote axonal regeneration so as to improve the prognosis.