Malnutrition generally refers to “proteinenergy malnutrition” (PEM), which is caused by long-term improper feeding or disease factors. Due to insufficient intake or digestion, absorption, utilization disorders, so that the body is in a long-term semi-starvation or starvation, protein intake is insufficient and increased consumption, the formation of negative nitrogen balance, digestive juices and enzymes, reduced enzyme activity, low immune function of the body caused by the reduction of total serum protein and albumin, the occurrence of hypoproteinemic edema, diarrhea, anemia, various infections, vitamin and trace element deficiencies, resulting in the whole body systems This can lead to systemic and organ dysfunction and seriously endanger the lives of young children. In recent years, the prevalence of malnutrition has been decreasing year by year, but there is still information that the prevalence is still higher in rural areas, and the main reason is improper feeding, followed by infection. The vast majority of cases are caused by the parents going out to work (30d after delivery, more often after 3 months), and the child is fed by the grandmother or grandmother (artificial feeding); the adopted child or those who do not have enough breast milk, when using artificial feeding or mixed feeding when the choice of milk substitute is not appropriate and cause the disease. When the following manifestations occur, we need to be alert to the occurrence of infant malnutrition: early appetite loss and weight gain, but clinically, we find that many patients’ families only consult the doctor when the infant has complications (fever, cough, diarrhea, skin infection, swelling, etc.), and at this time most cases have electrolyte disorders (low potassium, low sodium, low grasp), acidosis, anemia, vitamin and emblematic element deficiency, mycobacterial infection Most of the children have more than one or two complications and their condition is very critical. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely treatment is the key to cure. Breastfeeding is the key to prevent malnutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen rural, community maternal and child health care and perinatal, infant and child system health care, it is appropriate to pass on scientific knowledge of child-rearing. 1, reasonable feeding, so that every mother understands the advantages of breastfeeding, adhere to 4 to 6 months after birth exclusive breastfeeding, if breast milk is not enough or can not breastfeeding people, should take a reasonable mix of feeding or artificial feeding, priority formula milk or soy milk powder substitute, 6 months of age infants as far as possible without fresh milk, other infants can not choose skim milk powder, condensed milk, whey cream as a staple food, should not be alone to starch Feeding, and should be timely and reasonable addition of complementary foods, with special attention to nutrition after weaning; 2, the establishment of a sound infant and child health card system, growth and development, nutritional status monitoring, early detection of problems, timely intervention measures to increase nutrition and remove the causes of disease; 3, early correction of congenital malformations; 4, the prevention of various infectious and infectious diseases, vaccination on time, strengthen physical exercise, pay attention to dietary hygiene.