Septal ablation, usually referred to as percutaneous septal myocardial ablation, is an important treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Percutaneous septal ablation is performed by injecting anhydrous ethanol through a catheter into the septal vessels supplying the hypertrophied septum, occluding the septal vessels, causing ischemia, necrosis, and thinning of the hypertrophied septum, which results in the loss of myocardial contraction of the septum, and thus widening of the ventricular outflow tract and relief of the obstruction, thus improving the patient’s clinical symptoms. It should be noted that percutaneous septal myocardial ablation cannot be performed if the patient has severe mitral valve disease, and caution should be exercised in young and elderly patients. Postprocedural hemodynamic changes need to be monitored, and wire dislodgement needs to be prevented. Specific treatment regimens are recommended as prescribed by the physician.