There are many patients who come to the hospital complaining that their penises have shrunken or become shorter. These patients include both young and old people. So, is it true that the penis can become shorter due to some diseases or factors? What exactly is penile atrophy? Some of the patients who come to the clinic do not have real atrophy of the penis. Especially young patients, who are mostly in good health and do not have serious medical diseases, give themselves the impression that their penis is atrophied because their erectile function decreases in the short term and their penis is in a weak state. A part of people especially after old age will have physical shortening of the penis, whether in a weak or erect state, the penis size is significantly shorter than when they were younger. There is much scholarly support for the theory that hypoxemia occurs when the penis is subjected to trauma such as surgery or in old age when erections are reduced and the oxygen supply to the penis decreases significantly. Hypoxemia prompts changes in the levels of endothelin, transforming growth factor, and platelet growth factor, an increase in the amount of collagen in the penile tissue, a decrease in the amount of smooth muscle, and a reconstruction of the cavernous structure, which eventually leads to a shortening of the penis length. Some penile atrophy is real and some penile atrophy is not. People should not casually label themselves as having penile atrophy and carry a heavy burden of thought from it. Once you suspect that you have penile atrophy, you should go to a regular tertiary care hospital for male medical consultation. Even if there is really penis atrophy, it can be gradually recovered through treatment.