Currently, large loop cervical transformation zone excision (LLETZ) and cervical loop electrosurgery (LEEP) are the most commonly used treatments for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). There has been concern about whether these procedures increase the risk of miscarriage, preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, and low birth weight babies in future pregnancies. A recent systematic and meta-analysis conducted by Bruinsma et al. showed a significantly increased risk of preterm delivery in patients with CIN after excisional treatment. However, Castanon et al. refute this in a large study involving more than 18,000 women. The height (or depth) and volume of the resection sample was reported to predict the relative risk of pregnancy-related morbidity. The risk of preterm delivery was three times higher in patients with excisional sample sizes greater than 1.2 cm and volumes greater than 6 cm3 than in normal subjects. LLETZ treatment causes anatomical changes in the cervix that can affect a woman’s fertility. Possible effects of surgery include cervical stenosis preventing sperm entry, secondary infection and tubal damage, and changes in the physical properties of the cervical mucus. To examine whether the type of cervical surgery performed or repeated and the size of the resection sample affect a woman’s future fertility, Martyn et al. at the Marion Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Dublin conducted a retrospective cohort study and published the article in the European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. Reproductive Biology. The researchers mailed a questionnaire to each of the 3590 women of childbearing age who underwent colposcopy at the National Maternity Hospital between 2001 and 2007. Of the 3590 women, 1795 patients had undergone at least one excision (surgical group) and 1795 patients had no excision (non-surgical group). Clinical details and volume of tissue removed were analyzed retrospectively to assess the relationship between patient pregnancy, fertility, and volume of tissue removed and time to conception. The questionnaire was answered by 1355 women (37.7%), including 537 women in the non-surgical group and 818 women in the surgical group. 730 women had successful pregnancies after treatment, and there were no significant differences in pregnancy rates, time to conception, or fertility problems between the two groups. The volume of the resection sample also did not affect the fertility rate or time to conception. Therefore, excisional treatment of CIN does not appear to affect the future fertility of women. This study showed no delay in conception in the surgical group compared to the non-surgical group. There was no increased risk of conception problems even after controlling for the volume and depth of the excised tissue. In addition, the effect of cold knife cone sectioning and repeated macrocyclic hysterectomy operations on the future fertility of women needs to be further evaluated.