Headache This is one of the most common symptoms in neurosurgery. In fact, most of the headaches in daily life are functional and there is no organic brain lesion, but only the following cases should be seen in neurosurgery in time: 1. Acute headache: the patient usually has no headache symptoms, but suddenly appears severe headache or even vomiting, which can be seen in intracranial hemorrhage, acute inflammation, tumor stroke, etc.; 2. Recurrent paroxysmal headache: It is often seen in vascular headache, epileptic headache, occipital neuralgia or cervical spondylosis, etc.; 3. Gradually aggravated headache: It often indicates the gradual increase of intracranial pressure, and if there is a gradual loss of vision when the headache is aggravated, and if the headache is accompanied by jet vomiting, it is a typical “three main signs” of cranial hypertension, which is mostly caused by neurosurgery. If the headache is aggravated by gradual loss of vision and accompanied by vomiting, it is a typical “triple main sign” of cranial hypertension, mostly caused by neurosurgery. Facial pain includes pain in the face, eyes, nose, mouth and teeth. 1. If there is a sudden onset of transient and severe pain on one side of the face, which feels like a knife cut, electric shock, burning or pins and needles, and it is easy to appear suddenly when washing the face, brushing the teeth, eating or talking, the possibility of trigeminal neuralgia should be considered. It is especially important to point out that trigeminal neuralgia sometimes manifests itself as unbearable toothache. Patients often go to dentistry first and impatiently ask for tooth extraction, and as a result, half of the big teeth are often extracted, and the pain is still not relieved in any way before they finally go to neurosurgery. 2.If there is persistent vague pain, dull pain or swelling in the face without obvious intervals, then the lesions around the trigeminal nerve should be considered and should be seen in neurosurgery. 3. If there is transient severe pain at the root of the tongue, deep part of the mouth, or deep part of the external auditory canal, and the pain is often induced when swallowing, then it may be lingual-pharyngeal neuralgia, and you should also consult neurosurgery promptly. Convulsions: Convulsions caused by brain diseases are characterized by sudden, transient and recurrent attacks. It is often characterized by sudden onset of limb twitching, which may extend to the whole body and may be accompanied by impaired consciousness or urinary or fecal incontinence, lasting from a few seconds to several minutes each time, with completely normal interictal periods. Limb weakness: can be gradually aggravated or appear suddenly. In milder cases, the early manifestations tend to be inability to hold chopsticks, easy to drop them, and difficulty in holding objects. In case of lower limb weakness, the manifestations are walking with dragging, knees tend to get weak and bend or even fall down, and the wear of the sole on the affected side is obviously more serious than that on the healthy side. If the hand or foot cannot be lifted, or even the consciousness cannot control the movement of the hand and foot, it is called “paralysis”. Involuntary movements 1. Twitching: Involuntary twitching of the limbs, face, chest and abdominal muscles that occurs and stops suddenly. 2, tremor paralysis: involuntary rhythmic shaking of a part of the body or the whole body, accompanied by muscle stiffness and motor retardation. Sensory impairment: There are superficial sensations and deep sensations in the human body. The superficial senses are pain, heat and cold, light touch and pressure, while the deep senses are the sensation of the position of the limb, the sensation of vibration and the sensation of movement when the person is closing. Diseases of the nervous system may cause these sensory abnormalities. Visual field disorders: sudden or gradual loss of vision and reduced range of vision. If no ophthalmologic disease is found in the eye examination or if edema is found in the fundus manifestations, a neurosurgical consultation should be made, and these conditions are often caused by intracranial lesions. Polyuria: The daily urine volume is more than 4000 ml, the urine is light or colorless and transparent, and the patient feels thirsty and needs to drink a lot of water every day. Aphasia: It mainly refers to acquired language dysfunction or loss, meaning that there was no deafness or mute originally, but the problem of language function appeared later. Most of them are caused by lesions affecting the higher language centers of the left side of the brain. It can be manifested as the following: 1. Motor aphasia: It is manifested by the ability to understand others’ words, to pronounce them, but not to speak or only to utter individual single words and not to repeat them. 2.Sensory aphasia: It is manifested as understanding the words of others and oneself, although the pronunciation is normal and the speech is coherent, but often the words are wrong and the answers are not what is asked. 3.Naming aphasia: It is manifested as knowing the use of a thing, but being unable to name this thing, but when others name something. 4.Complete aphasia: The ability to both express and understand language is lost, neither understanding what others say, nor being able to speak out the words. 5.Loss of reading: Normal vision and original literacy, but now the ability to read words is lost. 6. Loss of writing: Normal hand movement, but unable to write. Menstrual abnormalities and lactation: irregular menstruation, irregular time of each visit, low volume, or even no menstruation at all. Breast milk secretion occurs when there is no childbirth, and a small amount needs to be squeezed before the breast overflows; a large amount can automatically overflow mostly bilaterally, mostly due to pituitary tumors, and may be accompanied by vision loss. Giantism in children, adult acromegaly, facial changes: pituitary growth hormone adenoma. Abnormal growth and sexual development: Mostly caused by anterior or posterior lesions of the three ventricles such as craniopharyngioma, teratoma, germ cell tumor, pineal tumor, etc. Unstable walking: skewing to one side, mostly due to cerebellar involvement. Drowsiness, personality change, mental decline, etc.: lesions in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe or hypothalamus, etc. Meningeal irritation symptoms: sudden onset of headache, vomiting, and cervical tonicity are typical manifestations of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acute infection within the skull. Somatic pain: radioactive, weakness and numbness in one or both limbs, progressive upward or downward, and urinary and fecal disorders, as a manifestation of cremaster lesions. Symptoms of cranial nerve palsy: such as double vision, inability to lift the upper eyelids, facial numbness, distorted mouth and eyes, drooling at the corners of the mouth, hearing loss, inability to swallow food, choking on water, abnormal pronunciation, hoarseness, etc., as a result of brainstem and cranial nerve tumors and lesions in adjacent parts of the skull base such as aneurysms, meningiomas, cristae, craniopharyngiomas, pituitary tumors, and nerve sheath tumors. Other symptoms: vertigo, sudden coma, memory and judgment loss, etc.