The effects of ligation surgery on men are mainly in the following areas: 1. scrotal hematoma, which occurs early after surgery and is caused by incomplete hemostasis and poor vascular ligation. 2. painful nodules, which are usually left behind after ligation surgery, but do not feel painful. 3. epididymal semen cysts, which are caused by the pain of touching the nodules. If the sperm is retained in the epididymis, epididymal semen cysts will be formed, generally smaller cysts do not need to be treated, but larger cysts or painful ones need to be removed. 4. sexual dysfunction, male ligation surgery will not cause sexual dysfunction in theory. The reason why there is sexual dysfunction is mostly caused by psychological factors.