Being sunburned with spots, usually referred to as chloasma or freckles, can be solved by choosing general treatment, drug treatment and physical treatment according to different diseases.
1. Melasma:
(1) Topical medication: available decolorizers such as 2%～5% hydroquinone cream, 15%～20% azelaic acid cream and compound arbutin cream can inhibit tyrosinase activity and reduce pigment production; 0.025%～0.1% retinoic acid can affect melanin metabolism and has certain curative effect; superoxide dismutase (SOD) can reduce melanin production by inhibiting and removing oxygen free radicals.
(2) Systemic drug therapy: oral vitamin C, vitamin E and tranexamic acid. In severe cases, large doses of vitamin C can be injected intravenously.
2. Freckles:
(1) General treatment: avoid sunshine and use sunscreen when going out.
(2) Physical treatment: the commonly used treatments include Q-switched ruby laser with wavelength of 694nm, alexandrite laser with wavelength of 755nm, or IPL treatment, which has better efficacy, and should pay attention to avoiding light after operation.
After being exposed to sun spots, one should do a good job of sun protection and go to the hospital in time to choose the appropriate treatment under the guidance of the doctor, and avoid unauthorized use of medication.