What does an artificial stomach look like?

  Appetite” is often referred to as a person’s appetite. Appetite is good because we have a major digestive organ, the stomach. However, the stomach often has to be removed due to the occurrence of malignant tumors. In China, the occurrence of stomach cancer accounts for the first place of digestive tract tumors and the third place of systemic malignant tumors. With the progress of medical science and technology and the enhancement of people’s health awareness, the detection rate of early gastric cancer among some people has been increasing. However, most gastric cancer patients are already in the middle and late stage (also called progressive stage) when they are diagnosed due to various reasons. For the treatment of these progressive gastric cancers, the most effective treatment is a combination of surgical resection, supplemented by chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In foreign countries, in order to achieve the effect of tumor eradication, surgeons often choose total gastrectomy, that is, to remove the whole stomach completely. Because total gastrectomy not only removes the tumor completely, but also solves the problem of tumor recurrence in the resected stump and residual stomach. However, the main disadvantage of this surgical method is that there is no stomach after surgery, so the patient will not have a good appetite and the digestive and absorption function of the human body is bound to decrease, which will seriously affect the quality of life of gastric cancer patients after surgery.  In the past century, surgeons have made unremitting efforts on how to create a stomach after total gastrectomy. According to statistics, there are dozens of surgical procedures for reconstruction of digestive tract after total gastrectomy. However, the surgical procedures carried out in general hospitals can be grouped into three categories: esophageal jejunostomy with lateral jejunal anastomosis; esophageal jejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis; and esophageal jejunal anastomosis with jejunal pouch in place of stomach. Now let’s talk about these three procedures and their advantages and disadvantages.  The first method: jejunoesophageal anastomosis plus lateral jejunal anastomosis. It is also called Brown’s anastomosis. The advantage is that the operation is simple, but the disadvantage is that there are more complications and it is rarely used now. The second method is called the Roux-en-Y procedure, which involves intercepting a section of proximal jejunum, lifting the distal jejunum and anastomosing it with the esophagus, and anastomosing the other end with the lifted jejunum. This approach reduces complications but lacks a pouch for food storage. A third method has been devised abroad based on the Roux-en-Y procedure, namely the Roux-en-Y jejunal pouch substitution gastric surgery, also known as the Hunt-Lawonce-Rodino procedure. In this method, the jejunum is folded into a pocket below the proximal jejunum and esophageal anastomosis, thereby increasing the food storage capacity of the jejunum. This type of gastric substitution is still widely used both nationally and internationally. However, this method has another disadvantage, that is, it does not preserve the duodenal passage, that is, food does not pass through the duodenum after eating, so the postoperative digestion and absorption function is poor.  In 1978, Professor H. Beger of the University of Ulm, Germany, designed a new type of interposition of the jejunal pouch in place of the stomach (also called Ulm Pouch, also known as Ulm stomach). This procedure is an improvement on the Hunt-Lawonce-Rodino procedure, in which the distal end of the jejunal pouch of the artificial stomach is anastomosed with the duodenum to preserve the duodenal passage. In this way, when food enters the jejunum through the esophagus, it can be stored in the artificial stomach and then enter the duodenum, where it mixes with bile, pancreatic juice and other digestive juices to facilitate the digestion and absorption of food, and at the same time, food passing through the duodenum stimulates the secretion of certain digestive tract hormones. This artificial stomach is closer to the normal physiological state of the human digestive system. According to international authoritative journals, patients with gastric cancer who underwent this surgery had good appetite, improved nutritional status and better quality of life after surgery. The procedure is currently recognized as the most advanced, rational and scientific method in the world. So far, more than one thousand cases have been performed in Germany. Our general surgery department has introduced this technology from Germany since the beginning of March this year, and has improved some specific operation methods in accordance with the actual situation in China. So far, we have performed “artificial gastric surgery” for 12 cases of gastric cancer patients who need to undergo total gastrectomy. After the operation, using spiral CT simulation endoscopy technology, the “artificial stomach” has a volume similar to that of the normal stomach. The patient had significant hunger after surgery. One month after surgery, the patient was able to eat two bowls of rice. The average weight gain was about 3-5 kg. Some patients complained that the amount of food and appetite did not differ much from those before gastrectomy. The quality of life after surgery is significantly improved.  The question is why this operation was not carried out early in our country. Analyzing the reason, on the one hand, it may be related to the dietary habits and dietary structure of our people, which are different from those of western countries. The Chinese diet is mainly carbohydrate based, and surgeons always try to preserve a certain volume of residual stomach as much as possible during gastric surgery. However, in recent years, with the development of the economy, people’s diet structure has also undergone qualitative changes. High protein and high fat gradually become the main components of food. Therefore, in order to completely remove the tumor and prevent the residual stomach from developing tumor again, total gastrectomy should be vigorously promoted. On the other hand, domestic doctors also pay little attention to the quality of life of patients after total gastrectomy. Even if total gastrectomy is performed in most hospitals in China, the traditional GI reconstruction is often applied. Obviously, the quality of life of gastric cancer patients after surgery is not guaranteed. Here, we call on domestic and foreign colleagues to enhance their understanding of surgical methods for gastric cancer and pay attention to the quality of life of gastric cancer patients after surgery, as well as to inform gastric cancer patients to express their wishes when choosing surgical methods, so that they can have an “artificial stomach” for enjoying food after total gastrectomy.  ”Artificial stomach” is a more complicated surgical technique, because the surgery is more traumatic and the postoperative risk is greater than that of general gastric replacement surgery. This requires skillful and solid surgical techniques and a high sense of responsibility for the patient. In addition, the “artificial stomach” should be well protected after surgery, because the jejunal mucosa of the “artificial stomach” is delicate and the intestinal wall is weaker than that of the religion. Therefore, you should follow the doctor’s instructions strictly after the surgery. Generally, you can eat liquid without residue 4-5 days after surgery, and gradually eat semi-liquid after one week, and soft food after two weeks, and resume normal diet after one month. However, care should be taken not to eat irritating food, such as spicy food, too acidic and too alkaline food, or too hard and too hot food. You should develop the habit of eating less and more, chewing slowly and eating regularly. Resolutely give up smoking and alcohol. If there is fullness and discomfort, reflux and vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms should be promptly consulted at the original surgical hospital to avoid delaying the condition.