The normal position of the stomach depends mainly on the fixation of the lower end of the esophagus and the pylorus, and the hepatogastric and gastrocolic ligaments and the gastrosplenic ligaments also play a role in the fixation of the large and small curves of the stomach. Larger esophageal hiatal hernia, septal hernia, septal bulge and excessive laxity of the lateral peritoneum of the descending duodenum make the lower end of the esophagus and the pylorus at the esophageal hiatal hernia not easily fixed. In addition, gastric prolapse and ligaments on the side of the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach are lax or too long, which are anatomical factors in the development of gastric torsion. Acute gastric dilatation, acute colonic distention, overeating, violent vomiting and retroperitoneum can be the driving force for sudden changes in the position of the stomach, so they are often the precipitating factors for acute gastric torsion. Inflammation and adhesions around the stomach can pull the stomach wall and make it fixed in an abnormal position and twist, these lesions are often the cause of chronic gastric torsion. 1, according to the rotational orientation into (1) along the long axis of torsion: that is, the cardia and pylorus of the axis, upward turning. The onset of this type of rapid, closed-loop obstruction, rapid gastric expansion. (2) Left-right torsion: The midpoint of the large and small curves of the stomach is the axis, and it is torsion to the left or right. It is chronic or intermittent, and the obstructive symptoms are not obvious. 2, according to the scope of torsion is divided into (1) complete torsion: in addition to the part attached to the diaphragm, the entire stomach twisted forward and upward, the large bend in the upper, located between the liver and the diaphragm, the wall after the stomach forward. (2) Partial torsion: mostly distal to the stomach, part of the forward or backward torsion. 3, according to the process of torsion is divided into (1) acute torsion: the onset of acute, severe symptoms. (2) chronic torsion: persistent or recurrent, easily mistaken for gastric ulcer or esophageal hiatal hernia.