Coronary heart disease can seriously jeopardize the health of children, if not diagnosed and treated early, the mortality rate of children with serious conditions in the neonatal period can be up to 30%, and the mortality rate within one year can be as high as 50%, which is the “first killer” of infant and child mortality. Preventing CHD should start from the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy Keeping the body and spirit in a good state of health before pregnancy, improving immunity, preventing infections, reasonable diet, banning smoking and alcohol, keeping away from poisonous and harmful substances, and supplementing folic acid in appropriate amounts. Fetal congenital heart disease screening mainly relies on fetal echocardiography, which is safer and able to detect and diagnose congenital heart disease at an early stage, and the best time for the examination is 20 to 24 weeks. Pregnant women whose parents have congenital heart disease or who have had a child with congenital heart disease should be screened. Conclusion The most critical issue for children with congenital heart disease is early diagnosis and treatment. Children with CHD will have some symptoms such as bruising of the skin, recurrent respiratory infections, feeding difficulties, heart murmurs, etc. If a child shows any of these abnormalities, he or she should be screened. Once the child has these abnormalities, he should go to the hospital for relevant examinations, including chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, etc., and if necessary, CT, cardiac catheterization and cardiovascular angiography can also be done in order to make a clear diagnosis.