Early spring is still warm and cold. Spring is a great time for everything to sprout, grass grows and flowers bloom, but it is also the season of high incidence of various respiratory diseases. Spring is characterized by large temperature difference between day and night, windy and dry. The respiratory system is an open system and is in direct contact with the outside world. Normal adults inhale a large amount of air every day, about 10,000 liters of air per day, so the respiratory organs are most susceptible to infections caused by external pathogens. Respiratory tract infections can be divided into upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. Upper respiratory tract infections are classified as viral (70-80%) and bacterial (20-25%). Acute upper respiratory tract infections are the most common. Acute upper respiratory tract infections cover many diseases of the upper respiratory tract, including the common cold, as well as influenza, acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Lower respiratory tract infections include bronchitis and pneumonia, and acute attacks or exacerbations may occur in those with a chronic airway disease base, such as acute attacks in patients with chronic bronchitis, acute exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or acute attacks in patients with bronchial asthma. Both the common cold and influenza are caused by viral infections. The common cold is a “nasal cold” that usually affects only the respiratory system, with symptoms such as runny nose, stuffy nose and sore throat, cough, and fever. It usually resolves in about 5 days. Influenza is an infection caused by the influenza virus. Influenza symptoms can affect the whole body, including body aches, headache, muscle and bone pain, fever, malaise, loss of appetite, cough, nasal congestion, etc. In severe cases, it can cause pneumonia and other complications, and can even be fatal. The symptoms of acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis are similar to those of a cold. You need to be alert to tonsillitis caused by the pathogen Streptococcus haemolyticus type A, as it is the culprit of rheumatic fever, and you need to seek medical attention promptly to avoid the development of a heart hazard. If conjunctivitis and pharyngitis are present at the same time, it is pharyngo-conjunctival fever, which is caused by adenovirus. Acute upper respiratory tract infections need to be handled carefully, not simply by taking symptomatic medications and working overtime or straining with illness. Pay attention to rest, get enough sleep and drink plenty of water, and take symptomatic medications as needed, and antibacterial or antiviral medications if necessary. If the condition still does not improve, prompt medical attention is recommended. Lower respiratory tract infections are usually more bacterial than viral, and include atypical pathogens such as mycoplasma and chlamydia, etc. There will be more cough, fever, even chest pain, shortness of breath, and some patients will have blood in the sputum. The acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is mainly manifested by an increase in the number of coughs and sputum, or sputum becoming thicker, or fever, or shortness of breath becoming worse than before. At this time, it is best not to take medication without permission, but to receive medical guidance and take the correct antibiotics and other medications as appropriate. Antibiotic therapy should be selected according to the guidelines recommended by the Chinese Medical Association for the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, and it is not advisable to change antibiotics frequently. For some people with bronchial asthma, spring can be dangerous. All kinds of flowers and willow wisps, can be allergens for patients, when they can have chest tightness, breathing difficulties, or even severe asthma attacks. Therefore, asthma patients with identified allergens need to avoid contact with allergens, wear masks, or go to the hospital as early as possible to prescribe anti-allergy medications and anti-asthma medications. Asthma patients need to carry single or compounded medications containing fast-acting bronchodilators with them for emergency use at any time, and once an attack cannot be controlled, consult a respiratory specialist as early as possible. In conclusion, the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in spring should follow the principles of prevention, accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. Pay attention to warmth, “spring cover and autumn freeze”, pay attention to ventilation, do aerobic exercise, but less go to crowded public places, drink more water to keep the airway mucosa moist. Increase nutrition, eat more fruits and vegetables, and supplement natural vitamins. Vaccinations should be administered promptly to susceptible people, and those with underlying diseases need to seek medical attention promptly to control the underlying disease and avoid aggravation. For the application of antibiotics, it is important to be targeted and avoid abuse.