Positive vacuolar toxin is suggestive of H. pylori infection, as vacuolar toxin is an important virulence factor for H. pylori. It can act as a single virulence factor to cause multiple distinct cytopathic effects in gastric epithelial cells. H. pylori is infectious and is usually transmitted by oral-oral and fecal-oral routes, mainly due to contact with an infected person or unhygienic diet. The symptoms of chronic gastritis include epigastric pain, discomfort, acid reflux, belching, etc. Peptic ulcers have periodic and rhythmic epigastric pain, and gastric cancer evolves from chronic gastritis. The treatment of H. pylori infection is mainly the change of daily hygiene habits combined with drug treatment. Pay attention to dietary hygiene, disinfect dishes regularly, do not eat spicy and stimulating food, maintain a regular life and avoid straining. Drug treatment can be combined with medication, such as omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin plus bismuth in a four (three) combination therapy. H. pylori infection is prone to recurrence, so attention needs to be paid to prevention.