The difference is only that the former is guided by a small amount of X-ray fluoroscopy + ultrasound monitoring, while the latter is guided by ultrasound monitoring alone (including transesophageal ultrasound and transthoracic ultrasound) without X-ray fluoroscopy. At present, the mainstream interventional techniques for precordial disease are those such as percutaneous fluoroscopy-guided interventional blocking ASDVSD/PDA, which are currently used in more than 98% of all precordial disease interventions worldwide and in 100% of coronary interventions (stenting). This is because X-ray fluoroscopy can monitor the movement and operation of the catheter guidewire and interventional devices in the vascular heart in a panoramic and real-time manner, which can effectively avoid damage caused by the catheter guidewire penetrating the blood vessels and the heart, and intraoperative monitoring and review by echocardiography at the same time, which maximizes the safety of cardiac interventional procedures. Moreover, with the continuous development of imaging equipment and the maturation of interventional technology, the X-ray radiation during interventional procedures is minimal, equivalent to only 2-3 X-ray chest examinations, which has negligible impact on the body. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided interventional occlusion has certain applicability to a small number of cases with special needs, such as pregnant women. The risk of potential cardiac vascular perforation is significantly increased due to the limitations of ultrasound guidance such as small field of view, localized imaging, and the influence of experience in ultrasound technology; moreover, because the function of precise anatomical localization and measurement under X-ray fluoroscopy is less, the reasonable and appropriate selection of interventional devices is limited intraoperatively, and the operation risk is significantly increased for physicians who lack long-term professional training; for some marginal or defective cases For some cases with difficult interventional occlusion in which the morphological conditions are not so good, it is not suitable to complete complex interventional operations under ultrasound guidance alone. This technique is generally not used as a mainstream option in large foreign cardiac centers.