Cervical and lumbar herniated disc surgeries undergo a rigorous preoperative evaluation, and under the surgeon’s strict handling, there are generally not likely to be many post-surgical complications. Possible surgical complications of cervical disc herniation include wound infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, injury to the superior laryngeal nerve, and injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. In severe cases, intraoperative spinal cord injury and intravertebral hematoma can occur, resulting in paralysis of the patient. Postoperatively, patients may develop anterior cervical hematoma, which can compress the trachea when bleeding heavily, leading to death by asphyxiation. Possible complications of lumbar disc herniation include cauda equina syndrome, bowel and bladder disorders, lumbar spondylolisthesis, lumbar intervertebral space infection, lumbar spine spurs, and lumbar spinal stenosis. Patients with cervical and lumbar herniated discs are advised to have postoperative monitoring.