The severity of rectal polyps is related to their pathological types, among which adenomatous polyps are more serious and have a higher chance of malignant transformation, while inflammatory polyps and hyperplastic polyps have a milder condition. The common rectal polyps include inflammatory polyps, proliferative polyps and adenomatous polyps. Proliferative polyps or inflammatory polyps are related to infection and injury and are less severe; adenomatous polyps may be related to abnormal gene expression due to environmental factors and have a higher probability of carcinogenesis, so patients should be alert and actively treat them. Generally, rectal polyps can be treated by ligation, electrocautery, surgical excision, etc. After surgery, pathological examination is needed to determine whether there is cancer. For patients with rectal polyps, it is recommended to have regular checkups and develop good habits, which can stop the occurrence of rectal polyps to a certain extent and can also effectively prevent the occurrence of rectal cancer.