In clinical practice, we often see middle-aged and elderly patients and young white-collar workers who frequently use computers and come to us with stinging, dry eyes, foreign body sensation, sore eyes and fatigue. Many of these patients have been treated with various types of antimicrobial eye medications for what was thought to be chronic conjunctivitis, but their symptoms have not improved or have even worsened. Each time these patients were seen, careful observation of their ocular surface under an ophthalmic slit-lamp microscope, combined with several other ancillary tests, resulted in a diagnosis of dry eye. The main symptoms and ocular signs in patients with dry eye and chronic conjunctivitis are sometimes similar, but the two are different diseases. Chronic conjunctivitis Chronic conjunctivitis is a common disease of the eye. The main symptoms are dryness and itchiness of the eye, and discomfort as if there is gray sand blowing into the eye and sand. There is also eyelid heaviness that is difficult to open, eye fatigue that is aggravated at night or when reading, and eye discharge that sticks to the eyelid when waking up from a morning nap, with white foamy discharge visible in the canthus during the day. The lid conjunctiva is mildly congested and rough with follicles, papillary hyperplasia, and indistinct vascular texture when the eyelid is turned, and the bulbar conjunctiva is also congested in severe cases. Chronic conjunctivitis can be classified according to its etiology as infectious, immune, chemical-physical irritant, systemic disease-related, or secondary to ocular disease. Treatment principles: 1, remove the cause; 2, local application of anti-infective eye drops, eye ointment and astringent; 3, enhance the body’s resistance to disease. Dry eye Dry eye refers to a type of disease in which the tear film is unstable and the eye surface is damaged due to abnormalities in the quantity and quality of tears, resulting in eye discomfort symptoms. There are many eye diseases, systemic diseases and special stimuli can cause dry eye, common eye diseases such as severe trachoma, eye surface burns, ocular scar-like aspergillosis, long-term wearing of contact lenses or point anti-metabolic eye drops, recurrent keratoconjunctivitis, multiple eye surgery, etc.; some systemic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism caused by proptosis, vitamin A deficiency and middle-aged and elderly women often suffer from with dry eye, Some systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, proptosis caused by hyperthyroidism, vitamin A deficiency and the so-called Sjogren’s syndrome with dry eye, dry mouth and arthritis triad, as well as some autoimmune diseases, can cause dry eye to different degrees. The incidence of dry eye is higher in the middle-aged and elderly population, but in recent years there has been a trend toward a younger age of onset. Office workers who use computers for long periods of time and myopic patients who wear contact lenses are the most prevalent groups of people with dry eye disease. The main manifestations of dry eye disease are dryness, foreign body sensation, burning, itching, eye redness, photophobia, blurred vision, fluctuating vision, visual fatigue, and inability to tolerate smoky environments. An accurate diagnosis of dry eye is facilitated by specialized ophthalmologic slit lamp examinations, as well as tear secretion tests, corneal fluorescein staining and tear film rupture time tests. Dry eye is not an infectious inflammatory disease and antibiotic-containing eye drops should not be used. Long-term use of anti-inflammatory eye drops can easily exacerbate ocular surface toxicity and have endless consequences for the eyes. Therefore, do not abuse anti-inflammatory eye drops. In addition, keeping the eyelids clean and using localized artificial tears are the main treatment methods, and for patients with moderate to severe dry eyes, temporary or permanent tear punctal embolization can be performed. Different treatments are suitable for different dry eye patients, so the treatment plan should be individualized. In conclusion, whenever eye discomfort occurs, it is not recommended that patients buy their own medication to spot their eyes. “The general public does not have the knowledge to identify similarly manifested diseases, and the eye is a particularly delicate and important organ, so it is advisable to seek professional medical attention.