1. What principles should be followed in the treatment of pediatric cerebral palsy Hypotonia is easily confused with which symptoms? (1) Various causes of muscle lesions lead to impairment of two types of detrusor receptors, causing hypotonia. (2) Peripheral nerve and nerve root lesions lead to impaired afferents and efferents of γ-collaterals, causing hypotonia. (3) Spinal cord lesions lead to damage of α-motor neurons and γ-motor neurons, causing hypotonia. (4) Brainstem reticular formation, cerebellum, extrapyramidal system, cerebral cortex and other lesions lead to impaired central regulation of muscle tone, resulting in hypotonia. 2, measurement methods are as follows: (1) hold by picking up the baby’s hand, you can initially understand the situation of the child’s muscle tone. The child with low muscle tone will feel difficulty in picking up, there is a sinking sensation, the child is easy to slip from the hands of the tester, and spastic infants, picking up will have a sense of tonicity and resistance. (2) Posture observation A normal infant over 3 months of age, if placed in the supine position, will lie naturally and constantly move against gravity, maintaining a certain position and posture freely. In contrast, a child with floppy palsy with low muscle tone, if placed in the supine position, the upper and lower extremities are often flexed and abducted, lacking active movement; a child with spasticity with hypertonia, if placed in the supine position, often has an asymmetrical abnormal posture with little active movement, and the movement appears to be stereotyped, the higher the muscle tone, the less active movement. The stronger the primitive reflex will be, the more serious the postural abnormality. (3) The tester can feel the tension of the muscle tissue by touching the muscles of the upper and lower limbs of the child (biceps and triceps of the upper limbs, gastrocnemius and quadriceps of the lower limbs) with the hand. If the child has low muscle tone, then the hand feels soft and loose, and there is less resistance to finger pressure; if the muscle tone is normal, the hand feels soft and moderate, firm and elastic when touched; if the muscle tone is high, the hand feels tense and there is stronger resistance to finger pressure. (4) Passive movement testers to the limb for passive flexion and extension movement, if the muscle tone is low, it will feel heavy, no resistance, the limb has no self-control; if the muscle tone is high, the testers will feel obvious resistance, and this resistance is often greater at the beginning of the exercise than at the end of the exercise. The limb with normal muscle tone can make both resistance and synergy when making passive movements, and within a certain range, there is self-control, and the tester feels neither as heavy as the limb with low muscle tone, nor as great resistance as the limb with high muscle distension.