A herniated lumbar disc is a condition in which the nucleus pulposus tissue between the vertebrae breaks through its outer enveloping tissue. This pathological change can lead to compression of the spinal nerve roots and some painful symptoms that can be relieved with medication, physical therapy or surgery. 1. Medications are usually used to control pain, inflammation, and muscle spasm, to address sleep disturbances, and some medications can also help reduce edema that occurs with compressed nerves. These include glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, painkillers and muscle relaxants to help control symptoms and reduce inflammation. 2. The goals of physical therapy are usually to help calm pain and reduce inflammation, improve mobility and strength in the lower back and limbs, and help patients perform daily activities more easily and effectively. Physical therapy focuses on improving core strength and spinal strength of the spine and restoring coordination and mobility of the limbs. The past view was that traction was good for herniated lumbar discs, but modern medical opinion does not recommend the use of traction for more severe nerve compression because traction can aggravate edema of the nerve roots and cause increased symptoms. When medication or other conservative measures do not work, surgery can be used to treat the problem. The goal of surgery is to remove the problematic disc material and eliminate the nerve compression, reducing pressure on the spinal canal to provide complete relief. There are a variety of surgical options, from simple open surgical nucleus pulposus removal and nerve root canal decompression, to minimally invasive foraminoscopic surgery, and surgical approaches that require placement of internal fixation. These surgical methods must be chosen by the surgeon depending on the situation. Treatment of nerve compression in herniated discs depends on the severity of symptoms and the presence of significant nerve damage, and the protocol needs to be chosen in the context of the actual situation.