Low back pain is a common symptom in spine surgery and is the main reason why many patients come to the clinic. There are many causes of low back pain, and in brief, the main ones are as follows: 1. Traumatic low back pain, which is well understood, includes sprains, falls, bruises, and bruises. In addition to soft tissue damage, trauma is usually accompanied by lumbar spine fracture, which is especially common in the elderly, because the elderly usually suffer from osteoporosis, even a slight external force can cause bone damage, so the elderly trauma patients in addition to routine X-ray accident, it is best to do an MRI examination to clarify the diagnosis. 2, chronic inflammatory low back pain, more common in young people, including interspinous ligamentitis, lumbosacral fasciitis, etc.. Most of them are caused by improper work position or improper sitting and lying posture for a long time, such as sitting and standing for a long time during work, bending low for a long time, and the muscles of the low back are not effectively relaxed, which causes damage over time and causes aseptic inflammation. The fundamental treatment of such diseases is not to rely on drugs, but to “nurture”, of course, the application of drugs will relieve the pain. 3, degenerative instability, slippage, common in the elderly, equivalent to the wear and tear of machine parts aging, this type of back pain is obviously related to the position, lying when not painful, once you want to get up, turn over, sit up, walking will aggravate the back pain, serious compression of the nerve caused by leg soreness, numbness and distension, and even weakness, walking can not. The treatment of this type of disease, in addition to the regular wearing of lumbar protection, physical therapy, depending on the severity of the symptoms of low back pain, the degree of nerve compression to determine the need for surgery. 4, lumbar disc herniation, spinal surgery common disease, good diagnosis, good treatment. The basic symptom is low back pain with leg pain, which is the kind of discharge-like pain, followed by leg numbness and weakness, and the disease is well treated because there are many kinds of treatment methods, including Chinese medicine and Western medicine, but no matter what approach is taken, there is a basic principle, that is, a long time conservative treatment (usually 3 months) is ineffective, or progressive aggravation of symptoms, surgery is required. If the symptoms are progressively aggravated, surgery is required. 5, lumbar spine tumor, tuberculosis, the clinical manifestations of these diseases, in addition to lumbar pain, usually accompanied by other organs or organ abnormalities, clinical examination should be comprehensive, diagnosis should be clear, treatment is more complex. If the tumor is benign or malignant, primary or metastatic, if it is a primary tumor of the lumbar spine and the patient is in good general condition, tumor resection and reconstruction of stability by internal fixation can be considered. If the tumor is a primary tumor of the lumbar spine and the patient is in good general condition, resection of the tumor and reconstruction of stability through internal fixation can be considered. If the tumor is a metastasis of the thoracolumbar spine and causes pathological fracture in elderly patients, resulting in unbearable lumbar pain, vertebroplasty is used to relieve the pain based on treatment of the primary disease.