Cerebral palsy is the main disabling disease in children since poliomyelitis was controlled. Because of the difficulty, time and cost of treating cerebral palsy, and the fact that it cannot be cured, it puts a lot of pressure and burden on families with cerebral palsy, medical doctors are constantly researching new treatment techniques in the hope of bringing a new dawn for children with cerebral palsy. Recently, a TV station reported that neural stem cell transplantation has achieved good results in treating cerebral palsy, which brings new hope for children and families with cerebral palsy. It is estimated that there are at least 1011 neurons in the human brain, and the neurons have to function through synapses to form an intricate neural network system to reach the effectors. Cerebral palsy is a syndrome caused by non-progressive brain injury and developmental defects from conception to infancy, mainly manifesting as movement disorders and postural abnormalities, because the neural network system is damaged and cannot function normally. The effect is slow and time consuming. Since nerve cell damage causes movement disorders, if neuronal regeneration can be replenished or regenerated, it is possible to cure cerebral palsy, therefore, some scholars are currently conducting research on neural stem cell transplantation to treat cerebral palsy. Although embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells can be differentiated into neuronal cells in in vitro culture, the percentage of differentiation into functional neurons is not high, about 20-30%, and there is a certain degree of difference in each artificially induced differentiation, so that the output cells cannot be completely homogeneous. The number of neurons that can be transformed into neurons in an environment that cannot be controlled in vivo is unknown, not to mention the need to become neurons with motor function by migration to specific sites. 2, the synapses of specific neurons will only grow and connect to specific cells of specific “target” tissues, even in the best laboratory conditions, the growth rate will not exceed 1 mm per day, that is, it may take a long time to form neurons and “target cells This means that it may take a long time to form the connection between the neuron and the “target cell”, and more importantly, the problem of directional neuronal connections has not been solved at all yet. 3. The efficacy observed in previously conducted transplantation experiments, and even clinical trials, has not provided a convincing material basis. At the same time, many of the clinical trials that have been conducted have not been rigorously controlled studies, nor have long-term efficacy been found to provide direct evidence for the reliability of cell transplantation therapy. 4. The existence of tumorigenicity of stem cells is an international consensus and research focus. The Stem Cell Center of Peking University has confirmed that neural stem cells with relatively high maturity also have high tumorigenicity after transplantation. Research at Xuanwu Hospital has shown that cells differentiated from embryonic stem cells are highly tumorigenic after transplantation while exerting therapeutic effects. Theoretically, as long as cells with the ability to divide and proliferate are implanted in animals, they have the potential to form tumors. Is it possible that a small number of cell transplants do not grow tumors but may have therapeutic effects? There is no uniform understanding of how much transplantation is appropriate. What are the cells that directly produce tumors? What are the characteristics of these cells? How to ensure the differentiation potential of stem cells while suppressing their excessive proliferation? These and other questions need to be addressed by scientists in depth. Therefore, only through meticulous preclinical large animal (monkey) trials can we enter a new era of widespread clinical application of stem cell technology. Neural stem cell transplantation is not yet a boon for children with cerebral palsy, but with the continuous development of technology neural stem cell transplantation may become a boon for patients with cerebral palsy and other neurological disorders.